When it comes to airline travel, perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps. Indeed, they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device, according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.

Maybe that's because apps make travel easier, and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline's own website. Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee. Not all airline apps are created equal, but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight, change seats, and request and pay for an upgrade. Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights. Many airlines now offer free on board streaming entertainment via apps. The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags, from check-in to carousel, while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure.

But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates, including code

share flights. In general, you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline

flights. Airport information is available, as are details about local weather at the destination. Where's

the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you.

The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members(SkyTeam Elite

Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority

services--including priority check in and baggage drop off, as well as access to priority security lanes

and boarding lanes--are available at individual airports

You'll find that some alliance app features are available through multiple channels of communication.

For example, SkyTeam members have formed their own online community by sharing traveler tricks and airport

tips accessible through a variety of channels, including the app,

SkyTeam's website, Facebook page and a dedicated tips site. SkyTeam's YouTube page features travel tips

from regional celebrities.

Just as airlines seem to have conquered social media, another method of communicating with travelers

has just arrived. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines is the first carrier to sign up for Facebook's Messenger chat

app. KLM flyers can automatically receive itineraries, flight updates, check- in notifications, boarding

passes and rebook flights and communicate with customer service, all from Facebook Messenger. Messenger

for Business was launched so that customers--in this case, passengers--can transact business over the

messaging app in a single communication thread.Roughly 80 percent of passengers on planes traveling within

the U.S. have the Messenger app

installed on their smartphones, according to Facebook

Clearly, mobile apps and social media have transformed our digital lives. Airlines favor apps and other technologies because they get customers out of airport lines and off phone lines. Through their smart devices, travelers now have untethered access to travel information. A few quick taps can supply individuals with information never dreamed possible even a decade ago. And with more people using smartphones as their primary computing device, and as more people own cell phones globally, people expect technology driven methods of communication and convenience to accelerate. Whether you're high-tech or not, you must admit that having immediate access to the information you need sure beats getting a busy

signal on a toll-free phone line.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "untethered" in the last paragraph?

• A.UnlimiteD
• B.Easy
• C.Immediate
• D.Direct