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资料：We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory along with other cognitive abilities. Sitting in the office sleep deprives it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along the ever-lengthening to-do list.

But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants（that's ‘trousers’ for British people not his underwear!）. Afterwards they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who'd missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they'd just read rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they'd been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent the all the evidence—right and wrong—had got mixed up.

One of the study's authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:”People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It's not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk. Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories.

What is the independent variable in the study?

A.The memory distortion
B.The amount of sleep
C.The short-term memory
D.The ability to recall long list

正确答案及解析

正确答案

解析

本题考查的是细节理解

【关键词】independent variable

【主题句】第2自然段The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full nights’ sleep while another had to stay up all night.这项发表在“心理科学”上的研究中，一组参与者获得了整晚的睡眠；而另一组一晚都没有睡觉。这项发表在《心理科学》上的研究中，一组参与者获得了整晚的睡眠；而另一组一晚都没有睡觉。

【解析】题目意为“研究中自变量是什么？”选项A意为“记忆扭曲”，选项B意为“睡眠多少”，选项C意为“短期记忆”，选项D意为“回忆的能力”，一项研究的结果收到诸多因素的影响，为弄清某单一因素对研究结果的影响，组织者会将两组参与者的其它因素设为相同，只留下一个不同因素作为对照，这就是自变量。根据主题句，本研究的自变量就是睡眠的多少，选项B符合题意。