2021年教师招聘考试《中学英语》考前押题2

You should take the part a good way oflearning __________ in your study into consideration.

It′ s a long time __________ I saw youlast.

--Yes, and what a pity! It will be a longtime __________ we see each other again.

If you don′ t go to the mountains withme tomorrow, __________.

--If you don′ t like the red coat, takethe blue one.

--Ok, but do you have __________size inblue? This one is a bit tight for me.

In the word "interchangeable",the root is ___________.

根据阿特金森的成就动机理论，如果某类学生选择成功率为50％的任务，那么对他们来讲，不可能的情形是（　　）。

Leave the reference books behind,___________ you won′t able to think independently.

关于学校教育在人的发展中的作用，下列表述正确的是（　　）。

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

Using a computer or smartphone at nightcan cause us to 11 on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light 12 --blue light is 13 by smartphones and tables--and increasedhunger. It found that exposure to the light increases hunger levels for severalhours and even increases hunger levels 14 eating a meal.

Results of the US study show thatblue-enriched light exposure, compared with 15 light exposure, was 16 with an increase in hunger that began 15minutes after light onset and was still present almost two hours after themeal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased 17 in the evening, increasing the risk ofinsomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of NorthwesternUniversity in Chicago, said, "A single three-hour exposure toblue-enriched light in the evening 18 impacted hunger andglucose metabolism." "These results are important because theysuggest that 19 environmental light exposure for humansmay represent a novel 20 of influencing food intake patterns andmetabolism."

The study group 21 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received

22 carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed afour-day trial 23 dim light conditions, which involvedexposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours 24 and less than three lux duringeight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects werecompared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed todetermine the 25 of action involved in the relationshipbetween light exposure, hunger and metabolism.

根据以下材料，回答

People do not analyze every problem theymeet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had asimilar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Othertimes they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trialand error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem hasto start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

First the person must recognize that thereis a problem. For example, Sam′s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it toclass as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with hisbicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does notwork. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, thebrakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for informationthat will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. Forinstance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is somethingwrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repairbook and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He canlook at his gears carefully.

After studying the problem, the personshould have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as anillustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy newgear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimesthe final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees somethingnew or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that thereis a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes thesolution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleansthe gear wheels and finds that afterward

根据以下材料，回答

People do not analyze every problem theymeet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had asimilar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Othertimes they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trialand error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem hasto start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

First the person must recognize that thereis a problem. For example, Sam′s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it toclass as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with hisbicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does notwork. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, thebrakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for informationthat will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. Forinstance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is somethingwrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repairbook and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He canlook at his gears carefully.

After studying the problem, the personshould have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as anillustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy newgear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimesthe final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees somethingnew or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that thereis a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes thesolution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleansthe gear wheels and finds that afterward

根据以下材料，回答

People do not analyze every problem theymeet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had asimilar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Othertimes they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trialand error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem hasto start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

First the person must recognize that thereis a problem. For example, Sam′s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it toclass as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with hisbicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does notwork. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, thebrakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for informationthat will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. Forinstance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is somethingwrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repairbook and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He canlook at his gears carefully.

After studying the problem, the personshould have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as anillustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy newgear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimesthe final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees somethingnew or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that thereis a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes thesolution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleansthe gear wheels and finds that afterward

根据以下材料，回答

There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.

Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.

There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.

Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.

What does the passage intend totell us?

根据以下材料，回答

There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.

Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.

There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.

Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.

What do we know from Stark′s words?

根据以下材料，回答

There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.

Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.

There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.

Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.

What does the underlined part"your lazy ways" refer to?

根据以下材料，回答

There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.

Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.

There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.

Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.

Where does the passage probably comefrom?

根据以下材料，回答

The American Revolution was not arevolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden andviolent overturning of the political and social framework, such as lateroccurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. Whathappened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During theconflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Mostof them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of themore isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America′s War of Independence heralded thebirth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which received its first largeinflux of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fledthere from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penalcolony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. Thethird new comer--the United States--based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not asrevolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut andRhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule alreadyexisting.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-growngoverning class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king andParliament.

In the first paragraph, whatdoes the author suggest about the French and Russian Revolution?

根据以下材料，回答

The American Revolution was not arevolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden andviolent overturning of the political and social framework, such as lateroccurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. Whathappened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During theconflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Mostof them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of themore isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America′s War of Independence heralded thebirth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which received its first largeinflux of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fledthere from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penalcolony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. Thethird new comer--the United States--based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not asrevolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut andRhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule alreadyexisting.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-growngoverning class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king andParliament.

What does the author mean by "people went on working andpraying, marrying and playing" in Paragraph 1?

根据以下材料，回答

The American Revolution was not arevolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden andviolent overturning of the political and social framework, such as lateroccurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. Whathappened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During theconflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Mostof them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of themore isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America′s War of Independence heralded thebirth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which received its first largeinflux of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fledthere from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penalcolony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. Thethird new comer--the United States--based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not asrevolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut andRhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule alreadyexisting.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-growngoverning class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king andParliament.

Which of the following would be thebest title for the passage?

根据以下材料，回答

The American Revolution was not arevolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden andviolent overturning of the political and social framework, such as lateroccurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. Whathappened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During theconflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Mostof them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of themore isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America′s War of Independence heralded thebirth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which received its first largeinflux of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fledthere from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penalcolony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. Thethird new comer--the United States--based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not asrevolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut andRhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule alreadyexisting.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-growngoverning class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king andParliament.

What will the paragraph following thepassage most probably discuss?

根据以下材料，回答

Hair loss can be destructive for themillions of men and women who experience it. Now scientists are reporting thata substance from honeybee hives might contain clues for developing a potentialnew therapy. They found that the material, called propolis, encouraged hairgrowth in mice. The study appears in A CS′ Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry. Ken Kobayashi and colleagues note that propolis is a resin-likematerial that honeybees use to seal small gaps in their hives. Not only does itwork as a physical barrier, but it also contains active compounds that fightfungal and bacterial invasions. People from ancient times had noticed propolis′special properties and used it to treat tumors, inflammation and wounds. Morerecently, research has shown that the substance promotes the growth of certaincells involved in hair growth though no one had yet tested whether that in turnwould result in new locks. Kobayashi ′ s team wanted to find out.

When the researchers tested propolis onmice that had been shaved or waxed, the mice that received the treatment regrewtheir fur faster than those that didn′t. The scientists also noticed that afterthe topical application, the number of special cells involved in the process ofgrowing hair increased. Although they tried the material on mice that couldgrow fur rather than balding mice, the researchers note that hair lossconditions often result from abnormal inflammation. Propolis contains anti-inflammatorycompounds, so they expert it could help treat balding conditions.

They add that further testing is needed tosee if the beehive material affects human hair follicles.

The underline sentence in thefirst paragraph means ___________.

根据以下材料，回答

Hair loss can be destructive for themillions of men and women who experience it. Now scientists are reporting thata substance from honeybee hives might contain clues for developing a potentialnew therapy. They found that the material, called propolis, encouraged hairgrowth in mice. The study appears in A CS′ Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry. Ken Kobayashi and colleagues note that propolis is a resin-likematerial that honeybees use to seal small gaps in their hives. Not only does itwork as a physical barrier, but it also contains active compounds that fightfungal and bacterial invasions. People from ancient times had noticed propolis′special properties and used it to treat tumors, inflammation and wounds. Morerecently, research has shown that the substance promotes the growth of certaincells involved in hair growth though no one had yet tested whether that in turnwould result in new locks. Kobayashi ′ s team wanted to find out.

When the researchers tested propolis onmice that had been shaved or waxed, the mice that received the treatment regrewtheir fur faster than those that didn′t. The scientists also noticed that afterthe topical application, the number of special cells involved in the process ofgrowing hair increased. Although they tried the material on mice that couldgrow fur rather than balding mice, the researchers note that hair lossconditions often result from abnormal inflammation. Propolis contains anti-inflammatorycompounds, so they expert it could help treat balding conditions.

They add that further testing is needed tosee if the beehive material affects human hair follicles.

What may cause hair loss according tothe passage?

根据以下材料，回答

Hair loss can be destructive for themillions of men and women who experience it. Now scientists are reporting thata substance from honeybee hives might contain clues for developing a potentialnew therapy. They found that the material, called propolis, encouraged hairgrowth in mice. The study appears in A CS′ Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry. Ken Kobayashi and colleagues note that propolis is a resin-likematerial that honeybees use to seal small gaps in their hives. Not only does itwork as a physical barrier, but it also contains active compounds that fightfungal and bacterial invasions. People from ancient times had noticed propolis′special properties and used it to treat tumors, inflammation and wounds. Morerecently, research has shown that the substance promotes the growth of certaincells involved in hair growth though no one had yet tested whether that in turnwould result in new locks. Kobayashi ′ s team wanted to find out.

When the researchers tested propolis onmice that had been shaved or waxed, the mice that received the treatment regrewtheir fur faster than those that didn′t. The scientists also noticed that afterthe topical application, the number of special cells involved in the process ofgrowing hair increased. Although they tried the material on mice that couldgrow fur rather than balding mice, the researchers note that hair lossconditions often result from abnormal inflammation. Propolis contains anti-inflammatorycompounds, so they expert it could help treat balding conditions.

They add that further testing is needed tosee if the beehive material affects human hair follicles.

Which of the following is wrong aboutpropolis?

根据以下材料，回答

Hair loss can be destructive for themillions of men and women who experience it. Now scientists are reporting thata substance from honeybee hives might contain clues for developing a potentialnew therapy. They found that the material, called propolis, encouraged hairgrowth in mice. The study appears in A CS′ Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry. Ken Kobayashi and colleagues note that propolis is a resin-likematerial that honeybees use to seal small gaps in their hives. Not only does itwork as a physical barrier, but it also contains active compounds that fightfungal and bacterial invasions. People from ancient times had noticed propolis′special properties and used it to treat tumors, inflammation and wounds. Morerecently, research has shown that the substance promotes the growth of certaincells involved in hair growth though no one had yet tested whether that in turnwould result in new locks. Kobayashi ′ s team wanted to find out.

When the researchers tested propolis onmice that had been shaved or waxed, the mice that received the treatment regrewtheir fur faster than those that didn′t. The scientists also noticed that afterthe topical application, the number of special cells involved in the process ofgrowing hair increased. Although they tried the material on mice that couldgrow fur rather than balding mice, the researchers note that hair lossconditions often result from abnormal inflammation. Propolis contains anti-inflammatorycompounds, so they expert it could help treat balding conditions.

They add that further testing is needed tosee if the beehive material affects human hair follicles.

What′s the main idea of the passage?