Which of the following features is not involved in good textbooks?
- A Textbooks should help students feel at ease
- B Textbooks should help students develop confidence
- C Textbooks should maximize students' learning potential
- D Textbooks should cater for students' same learning styles
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查“好”教材应具备的特征。好的教材，应该考虑到不同层次学生的需求，以及不同学生的学习风格.因此D项错误。
When students learn "apple, orange", the teacher gives students another word "fruit".Which principle doe, s the teacher follow in his/her vocabulary teaching?
- A Word-choice principle
- B Presentation principle
- C Culture principle
- D Systematic principle
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查词汇教学原则。系统性原则是指在词汇教学时要注意给学生展示词汇之间的系统性和联系性，如音形关系、形意关系、词形变化关系、反义词、同义词、上下位词等。题干中教师展示的词汇的上位词，故选D。A项指“词汇选择原则”，指选择目标词汇时，应当选择具有代表性的、能够用于其他活动的、经常出现的词汇。B项指“展示原则”，指展示新词时应当将其直观化、情景化和趣味化，C项指“文化原则”．是指语言是文化的载体，词汇结构、词义结构和搭配都该与该语言的文化相连，、
When a student said "Yesterday I goed to see a friend of mine", which of the following ways for correcting errors is not encouraged?
- A Oh, yes. I see you went to see a friend of yours
- B You goed to see your friend
- C No, not goed. You should say went
- D Say it again, please
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查纠错方式。C项直接指出学生错误，容易打击学生的自信心。A项是重述法，B项是强调暗示法，D项是重复法。都是对学生错误的一种含蓄的纠正。
In a pre-listening activity, students need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word. The aim of this activity is to develop the skill of__________.
- A listening for specific information
- B listening for gist
- C listening for structure
- D listening for vocabulary
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查听力教学。在听前活动中，学生需要学会应对听力过程中模糊不清的内容，并且需要意识到当他们不能完全理解每一个单词的时候仍然可以学习。这属于培养了学生听主旨的能力，A为听细节，B为听主旨，C为听结构，D为听词汇。故选B。
When designing speaking tasks, we must follow the principles except__________.
- A maximum foreign talk
- B even participation
- C high motivation
- D high language level
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查口语活动设计原则。设计口语活动时应具有遵循以下原则：最大限度地练习口语、均等参与、高度激励以及恰当的语言难易程度。D项“High language level”不符合。
To achieve fluency, when should correction be conducted?
- A After class
- B The moment error occurs
- C At the summary stage of the activity
- D During the course of the communication
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查课堂纠错。为保证讲话的流利性，应在总结时候纠正讲话时犯的错误，而不是立即纠正。
To assess how well a student is performing relative to his or her own previous performance,a teacher should use_________assessment.
- A criterion-referenced
- B individual-referenced
- C norm-referenced
- D peer
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查教学评价。教学评价可分为目标参照性评价、常模参照性评价和个体参照性评价。目标参照性评价(Criterion-referenced assessment)是以具体体现教学目标的标准作为依据，确定学生是否达到标准以及达到的程度如何的一种评价方法。常模参照性评价(Norm-referenced assessment)是依据学生个人的成绩与规定的一群人(如班级、年级、全国的同龄人等)中其他人的成绩相比较来评价和决定学生成绩优劣的一种方法。而不考虑他是否达到教学目标的要求。个体参照性评价(Individual-referenced assessment)是将一个学生的表现与其之前的表现相比所作出的评价。故选B。
Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-reading activity?
- A Predicting the content
- B Discussing a relevant picture
- C Associating vocabulary with the topic
- D Selecting titles for the reading material
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查阅读教学活动。读前阶段具有导入特征，主要目的是激发学生阅读兴趣，明确阅读目的．激活背景知识，为理解文本内容做铺垫。教师一般采用的活动有介绍相关背景知识，预测阅读材料的主题内容，开展词汇等教学活动解决语言障碍等。D项“为阅读材料选择标题”属于读中阶段。故选D。?
In writing,which step is used to get students to think freely and put down all possible ideas?related to the topic that come to their minds?
- A Proofreading
- B Revising
- C Brainstorming
- D Mapping
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查写作教学。在“头脑风暴”阶段，学生可以自由畅想跟话题有关的观点，并记下来。?
The word "offend" originally meant "to strike against", but now the word signifies "tocreate or excite anger". This is an example of__________.
- A meaning shift
- B widening of meaning
- C narrowing of meaning
- D loss of meaning
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查语义变化。语义变化有多种：词义扩大（widening of meaning）、词义缩小（narrowingof meaning）和词义转移（meaning shift）。“offend”在最初的意思是“击打”，现在的意思是“冒犯，惹怒”，因此是词义的扩大。
Until then, his family __________ from him for six months.
- A didn't hear
- B hasn't been hearing
- C hasn' t heard
- D hadn' t heard
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查时态。句意为“直到那时，他的家人已经有六个月没有收到他的信了”。then是过去的时间，until then表示没有收到信这个动作是在then之前，应该使用过去完成时，答案为D。?
Faced with the crisis, Monica looked pale, but quite __________.
- A scary
- B frightened
- C crazy
- D calm
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查形容词辨析。scary“吓人的，可怕的”，frightened“受惊的，害怕的”，crazy“疯狂的，不理智的”，calm“平静的，镇定的”。 but连接的两个句子为转折关系，D项最符合题意。句意为“面对危机，莫妮卡脸色苍白，但非常镇定”。?
A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when __________ at the same time form apoisonous combination.
- A eating
- B being eaten
- C eaten
- D to be eaten
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意为“还有一种类似的错误观点是，同时吃鱼和冰淇淋会形成一种有毒的化合物”。该句是由that引导的表语从句。从句中又包括状语从句“when_________atthe sametime”。不定式作状语表示目的．过去分词和-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句．有时过去分词前可加连词用来强调。eat与主语fish and ice cream之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，排除A、D：being eaten强调这个动作正在发生，而本句不表示动作正在进行，故排除。正确答案为C。?
A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word in meaning from another in a givenlanguage is a ___________.
- A phone
- B phoneme
- C allophone
- D allomorph
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查语音学中概念的区分。phone“音素”，phoneme“音位”，allophone“音位变体”．allomorph“词素变体”。音位是语音系统中能够区别词义的基本语音单位，音位定义的要点是区别意义。音位变体为同一音位在不同环境中表现出来的两个或多个不同的语音形式。词素变体是词素在不同情况下的不同形式．侧重的是从语法结构角度研究语素。故选B。?
Which of the following about teaching assessment is inappropriate
- A Diagnostic assessment is a kind of test carded out after a teaching activity
- B Formative assessment should be student-oriented
- C Summative assessment is often carried out at the end of a term
- D Portfolios, daily reports, and delivering speeches are all formative assessment
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查教学评价。诊断性评价是指在某项教学活动开始之前对学生的知识、技能及情感等状况进行的预测．而不是在教学活动之后进行．故A项错误。?
__________ difficulties we may come across, we′ llhelp one another to overcome them.
- A Wherever
- B Whatever
- C However
- D Whenever
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查从属连词。wherever“无论哪里”，whatever“无论什么”，however“无论如何”，whenever“无论何时”。结合句意“无论我们遇到什么困难．我们都会互相帮助克服这些困难”，选B。?
The correct pronunciation of the underlined letters in the word "wanna" is___________.
- A //
- B //
- C /D/
- D /a:/
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查元音字母的发音。题目问“wanna ”这个词中画线部分的发音。这个单词的发音是
教师资格考前黑钻密押题，软件考前一周更新，
All things__________, the planned trip will have to be called off.
- A considered
- B be considered
- C considering
- D having considered
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查独立主格结构。句意为“考虑到所有事情，计划好的旅行将不得不取消了”。分析句子成分可知，“All things__________”的逻辑主语是things，而整个句子的主语是trip，所以该成分是分词的独立主格结构，在句中作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。all things与consider之间为被动关系，故用过去分词considered。“All things considered”相当于“ifall things are considered”。?
__________does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.
- A Pragrnatics
- B Semantics
- C Cross-cultural communication
- D Syntax
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查语用学的概念。题干问的是在语境中研究意义的学科是哪一语言学分支。A项是语用学，研究的是使用中的语言或语言交际，它是利用语境来推断语义的。B项是语义学，是对语言单位尤其是词和句子的意义进行研究。C项是跨文化交际．指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际．也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。D项是句法学。研究的是语言中词组合成句子的支配规则。通过分析，可知正确答案为A。?
Some states have an income tax __________to that of the federal government.
- A same
- B similar
- C alike
- D likely
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查形容词辨析。句意为“一些州有与联邦政府类似的所得税”。代词that指an income?tax。similar to“与……类似的”，形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is similar to that of the federal?government。same意为“同样，一样”，likely to意为“可能的”，均与句意不符。alike为表语形容词，只作表语。故选B。?
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night′ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind′ s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhile the brain is"off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better, "It′s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago′s MedicalCenter. "If you don′t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eyemovement) sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; thelimbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and thosefeelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright′s clinic.
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don′t always think about theemotional significance of the day′s events--until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not
- A can be modified in their courses
- B are susceptible to emotional changes
- C reflect our innermost desires and fears
- D are a random outcome of neural repairs
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
细节题。根据第一段中“one leading authority says…”可知，一名著名权威人士提到，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动是可以被我们自己有效控制的。卡特赖特说“梦是你自己的，如果不喜欢，就改变它”。由以上几点可知．研究人员认为．梦在形成过程中“能够被改变”，故选A。
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night′ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind′ s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhile the brain is"off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better, "It′s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago′s MedicalCenter. "If you don′t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eyemovement) sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; thelimbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and thosefeelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright′s clinic.
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don′t always think about theemotional significance of the day′s events--until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not
- A its function in our dreams
- B the mechanism of REM sleep
- C the relation of dreams to emotions
- D its difference from the prefrontal cortex
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
推断题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者指出“大脑造影的证据支持了上述观点”，即第一段中提到的观点，作者认为梦是大脑情感自动调温器，可以帮助调节情绪。作者在第二段第三句提到了“边缘系统”也是在详细描述“大脑造影的证据”。由以上几点可以推知．作者通过提到大脑的边缘系统来阐述大脑造影的证据，从而说明其支持“梦与情感相联系”的观点，故选C。
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night′ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind′ s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhile the brain is"off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better, "It′s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago′s MedicalCenter. "If you don′t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eyemovement) sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; thelimbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and thosefeelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright′s clinic.
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don′t always think about theemotional significance of the day′s events--until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not
- A aggravate in our unconscious mind
- B develop into happy dreams
- C persist till the time we fall asleep
- D show up in dreams early at night
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
细节题。根据第三段第二句可知，大多数人倾向于在刚入睡时做噩梦，在睡醒前的时候则会做一些开心的梦．而这表示人们在梦里就缓解了白天产生的不良情绪。由此可知，白天产生的负面情绪往往“出现在夜晚早期的梦中”．故选D。
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night′ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind′ s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhile the brain is"off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better, "It′s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago′s MedicalCenter. "If you don′t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eyemovement) sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; thelimbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and thosefeelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright′s clinic.
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don′t always think about theemotional significance of the day′s events--until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not
- A waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
- B visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
- C dreams should be left to their natural progression
- D dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
推断题。根据第四段第一句，做梦的过程不一定是无意识的，从这我们可以得知作者不认为做梦是完全无意识的行为．故选D。
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night′ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind′ s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhile the brain is"off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mentalevents can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better, "It′s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago′s MedicalCenter. "If you don′t like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eyemovement) sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; thelimbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and thosefeelings can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright′s clinic.
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don′t always think about theemotional significance of the day′s events--until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not
- A Lead your life as usual
- B Seek professional help
- C Exercise conscious control
- D Avoid anxiety in the daytime
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
细节题。根据第五段卡特赖特的观点，在一天的生活结束时，只要我们的梦不会导致失眠或者让我们从睡眠中惊醒．我们就不用去担心它。而这段的段末也说到那些没有受到噩梦长期困扰的人尽管去睡觉、做梦，因为早起时你的负面情绪会好很多。由此可以推知，卡特赖特暗示人们只需要“像往常一样生活”．故选A。
We take our skin for granted until it is burned __________ repair.
- A beyond
- B for
- C without
- D under
- 参考答案：A
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查介词辨析。beyond“超出”，for“因为，为了”，without“没有，无”，under“在……之下”。句意为“直到皮肤被烧伤至无法修复，我们才予以重视”。beyond repair“无法修复”。故选A。?
In a listening class, a teacher asks students to listen to the material carefully and try todiscriminate the speaker′s attitude towards lifelong learning. What sub-skill of listening is theteacher training
- A Listening for gist
- B Word Guessing
- C Inferring
- D Recognizing communicative signals
- 参考答案：C
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查听力技能教学。老师让学生做听力理解，并辨别说话者对终身学习的态度，由此可知老师是在训练学生通过听来理解说话者的意图、态度这一技能。A项“大意理解能力”，通常包括理解谈话或独白的主题和意图等；B项“词义猜测能力”，指借助各种技巧猜测谈话中所使用的生词、难词等未知表达方式的能力；C项“推理判断能力”，指对谈话人之间的关系、说话人的意图、情绪、态度和言外行为等菲言语直接传达的信息．通过推理判断其深层含义，进而理解说话人的意图、谈话人之间的关系、说话者的情感态度等的能力；D项“交际信息辨别能力”，包括辨别新信息指示语、例证指示语、话题终止指示语、语轮转换指示语等。故此题正确答案为C。?
What is the teacher doing in terms of error correction
T: Make a sentence with "have".t
S: He have a car.
T: He HAVE a car7
S: He HAS a car.
T: Very good. He HAS a car.
- A Direct correction
- B Indirect correction
- C Self-correction
- D Peer correction
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查纠错方法。教师在学生回答出现错误的时候，没有马上纠正，而是用反问的语气重复了一遍错误的句子．并把重音放在错误的单词上．这是教师间接纠错的方式之一。故选B。?
In the following conversation, B violates the maxim of___________.
A: Mrs. X is an old bag.
B: The weather has been quite delightful this summer, hasn′t it
- A quantity
- B quality
- C manner
- D relation
- 参考答案：D
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查合作原则。Grice提出的合作原则包含四条准则，即数量准则(themaxim of?quantity)、质量准则(the maxim of quality)、关系准则(the maxim of relation)和方式准则(the maxim of manner)。 数量准则要求说话者的语言要包含交谈所需的信息．说的话不应包含超出需要的信息。质量准则要求说话者说的话要真实并且不要说缺乏足够证据的话。关系准则是指说的话要与谈话有关联。方式准则是指说话要明白．避免晦涩、歧义等。分析题干，可以发现b的话与前面A的话毫无关系．因此正确答案为D。?
Which of the following statements about the Situational Approach is NOT true
- A Adopt an inductive approach to grammar teaching
- B Encourage explanations of the meaning of new items in foreign language
- C Focus on language accuracy
- D Practice structures and patterns through repetition and substitution activities
- 参考答案：B
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
考查情景教学法。情景法主张采用归纳法教授语法，但不鼓励用外语讲解词语或结构的语义，而强调在情景中呈现这些新知．学生可归纳其语义并概括迁移到新情景中使用。情景法基于语法，强调语言的准确性。呈现新句型可借助实物、图片和直观教具等创设情景，而进行句型操练则是通过模仿和替换等活动。A、C、D三项均正确，B项说法错误。故选B。?
在语法教学中，语法练习的形式有哪几种?请对任意两种练习形式进行举例说明。
- 参考答案：
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
(1)语法练习的形式①机械型练习。这类练习的作用是帮助学生熟记、掌握语法规则和形式，一般使用互不连接的单独结构、短语或句子。常见的练习形式有填空、选择和替换等。
②意义型练习。这类练习强调形式的正确理解和输出，但同时涉及了意义。练习仍然使用互不连接的单独结构，答案通常是确定的。常见的练习形式有：基于意义的填空或选择、配对、改错及合并句子、汉译英或英译汉等。
③交际型练习。这类练习最有使用价值和趣味性，它强调以交际为目的的意义输出或理解，在交际过程中同时注意结构的运用。常见的练习形式有：两人活动、小组讨论活动、角色扮演活动、头脑风暴活动等。
(2)练习举例
①机械型练习——替换练习
T:I'm trying to find a book in the box.
S:I'm trying to find a book in the box.
T:Shelf.
a book in the shelf.
S：I'm trying to find a book in the bed.
②意义型练习——汉译英
我打算在我家乡买套房子。
I want to buy a house in my hometown.
下面是某英语教师在写作课的教学片段．阅读并回答问题。
Tell students we would write an article for our favorite sports, and the topic is about sports.
Show students a model article on the screen and lead them to find out the format of anarticle: main heading, smaller heading and the body.
Run a brainstorming activity: show some pictures about the sports and the famous athletes.
Ask students the questions as follows.
Why are you interested in that sport
Who is your favorite athlete
What do you do to improve your skills
Then I would ask them to have a discussion about the above questions. They can change theirideas with their partners and find out the similarities and differences. Then choose one idea towrite with. After the discussion, I would pick some students to report their topics at the front.
根据上面的课堂教学片段回答下面三个问题：
(1)该片段属于什么教学环节体现了哪种写作教学模式
(2)请从写作教学原则的角度，评价该教学片段。
(3)该片段中教师的课堂角色有哪些
- 参考答案：
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
(1)该片段集中于写作思路的产生和形成，属于写前环节，体现了重过程的写作教学模式．主要过程包括： 产生写作动机、头脑风暴、词汇思路、自由写作、列出大纲、写出草稿、修改、提高、校对和讨论等。?
(2)写作教学需要体现过程性原则、交际性原则、整体性原则等。?
过程性原则要使写作任务过程化，不能只注重结果，要注重整个过程的有效展开，包括写作前、写草稿、编辑修改、校读、公布于众；交际性原则要将交际性引入写作教学中，要给学生交际的机会，使其在交际中获得乐趣，在写前活动和修改活动中尽可能采用小组活动和同伴活动．增加学生问的交流：整体性原则要把写作教学与听、说、读有机结合起来。?
该教学片段在写前环节先引导学生学习范文。总结写作的格式、范文的主题等，再通过头脑风暴进行讨论．为学生进行格式、内容、话题、词句等的输入，体现了过程性原则、交际性原则和整体性原则。?
(3)在写前环节中，教师向学生明确了写前的活动和任务。使学生明确知道自己要干什么．体现了教学活动的组织者的角色。教师向学生布置完讨论任务后．深入其活动，了解其进程．并选出好的典型进行展示．有效地调控全体学生的学习积极性、学习进程和学习的高效性等，体现了课堂教学的调控者的角色。最后。该教学片段在写前环节先引导学生学习范文。总结写作的格式、范文的主题等．再通过头脑风暴进行讨论．为学生进行格式、内容、话题、词句等的输入，为学生营造了学习英语的语言环境，使学生能够更有效地学习和使用目的语，体现了语言环境的营造者的角色．?
设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。
教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
·teaching objectives
·teaching contents
·key and difficult points
·major steps and time allocation
·activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通高中一年级(第一学期)，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
Body Language
Debbie and Simon have part-time jobs at a travel agency. It is Saturday morning and they aresitting in the office. Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered. The lady glanced atthem both, then walked over to Debbie. Debbie greeted her cheerfully.
"Hello," the lady said. "I want to go by train from..."
Simon sighed, Mr. Young, a senior employee, was standing beside him.
"What′ s up, Simon You don′ t look very happy."
"The customers always prefer Debbie to me. I don′ t understand why."
"I do. It′ s the way you communicate."
"How can that be" Simon asked. "I don′ t even get a chance to speak to them."
"Speech is not the only method of communication. Your body language is important, too."
"What kind of language is that"
"It′s the way you stand and sit. It′s your gestures and the expression on your face and in youreyes. Your whole appearance communicates things. You often rest your head on our hand. You don′t look up. You never smile. So you don′ t make a good impression on people."
"But look at Debbie. She makes eye contact with the customers. She′s holding her head up.
She smiles, that′ s why the customers go to her and not to you."
- 参考答案：
- 您的答案：
参考解析：
Teaching Contents: This passage introduces the opinion that body language plays a very important part in peo-ple' s work and daily communication. Teaching Objectives:?
(1) Knowledge objective?
Students are able to understand the content and know the importance of body language.?
(2) Ability objective?
Students can improve the ability of communication as well as their reading skills.?
(3) Emotional objective?
Students will have the desire to use their body language to communicate with people in daily life.?
Teaching Key and Difficult Points:?
Students can use different reading strategies according to different reading purposes and know the importance of?body language.?
Major Steps:?
Step 1 Pre-reading (6 minutes)?
(1) Introduction?
Play a dumb show ofCharlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator. After the clip ask the students "Charlie Chaplin did?not speak one word. Why can you understand him clearly?" They will know the body language can be used to express?one' s feelings and ideas.?
(2) Prediction?
Display two pictures of two shop assistants: one has a smiley face and the other has a sad face during work time.?
Then ask the students which face they like to see and to predict what the passage is about.?
(Justification: It can stimulate the students' interest and help them know the function of body language. The pre-diction makes a preparation for the next step.)?
Step 2 While-reading (8 minutes)?
(1) Fast reading?
Ask the students to read the passage as quickly as they can and tell the main idea of the passage. Then ask them?to check if they have made the right predictions.?
(2) Careful reading?
Ask the students to read the passage again carefully and discuss the answers of the following questions in groups?of four:?
① Why do customers like to walk over to Debbie??
② What are the differences between Debbie and Simon??
③ According to Mr. Young, what is the body language??
Then invite several students to give their answers and give evaluations.?
(Justification: The fast reading will help students have a preliminary understanding of this article. The questions?make the reading more goal-oriented and high efficient. This can help students understand the passage clearly.)?
Step 3 Post-reading (6 minutes)?
(1) Role-play?
Give some key information on the screen, then ask four students to play the role of Debble, Simon, the well-dressed lady and Mr. Young and act the story out in their own words. Then give evaluations.?
(2) Discussion?
Ask the students to think about what they will do in the future if they are Simon.?
(Justification: The role-play and discussion can make students have a deeper impression on body language, and?their oral English will be well developed.)?
