In some ways,the nine-day West Virginia teachers'strike that ended March 6 echoed the momentous labor actions that have marked the Mountain State's history.But the story also contained a plot device straight out of a cyberpunk future.A proposed change to West Virginias public worker health plan would have asked teachers to download a mobile fitness app called Go365 and earn points on it by wearing a Fitbit,a wristband that logs the wearer's heart rate,steps taken,quality of sleep,and other metrics.Those who declined,or who complied but failed to earn enough points,would face a penalty of s 500 each year The state authority scrapped the proposal but it remains a sign of the times:As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity,workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices,don wearables,and even accept electronic implants,all while being assured that the new tools g their best interests.The growing adoption of technology that some see as invasive raises questions of what exactly constitutes voluntary behavior in a wage economy“Very few things in the workplace are voluntary,"says attorney Paula Brantner,a senior adviser at Workplace Fairness,a nonprofit in Silver Spring,Md,that promotes employee rights."You have an incentive to keep your job,to make your employer happy,to be on track for raises and promotions Currently Just 8%of employer-sponsored wellness plans provide fitness-tracking bands,but they can be used for more than just ensuring workers stay active.And other potentially intrusive devices have starte d to pop up as well.These trackers contribute data to what human resource managers call"people analytics,an approach that big data and analytics bring to bear on decisions involving hiring,firing and productivity It's this sort of fine-grained analytics that Amazon was pursuing in 2016 when it filed two patents for wristbands that use ultrasonic pulses and radio transmissions to monitor the locations of employees hands relative to inventory bins,so that employers can"monitor performance of assigned tasks."Other companies are going deeper with electronic trackers,literally.Last summer,the Wisconsin-based vending-kiosk company Three Square Market announced that it would be offering its workers the opportunity to have radio-frequency identification chips implanted into their hands.According to the company,The rice-grain-sized chip would be injected between the thumb and forefinger,where it can be used to unlock doors,log in to computers,run photocopiers,and purchase snacks from break-room vending machines There needs to be just a broader acknowledgement of the necessity of these things in people's lives,not just as the superficial social technologies but increasingly as the mundane ways that we get stuff done in our everyday lives,says Julia Ticona,a postdoctoral researcher at the Data Society Research Institute in New York."We need to really treat them instead of purely individual consumer devices,to treat them as a part of public infrastructure Ticona argues that government efforts to extend home broadband internet access to all Americans should more fully take mobile technology into account We don't just sit at home at our desks and do homework on our laptop,she says"It's out in the world and it needs to travel with us

What is the States attitude towards West Virginia's plan?

As computing power has grown,it has become easier to uncover information hidden inside datasets that seem totally unconnected.Some recent studies have used this approach to reveal business-related information flows.One linked the movements of 18th-century share prices with the arrival of ships bringing news.Another looked at the relationship between business activity and the movements of corporate jets.A third mined White House visitor logs for the names of executives and examined their companies'subsequent stock market returns David Finer,a graduate student at University of Chicago's Booth School of Business,analyzed trips connecting the headquarters of big banks and the Federal reserve Bank of New york（FrBny）He extracted trips starting at commercial banks and at the New york Fed that converged on the same destination around lunchtime,and those directly from banks to the New york Fed late in the evening.The number of such journeys rose sharply around the dates of meetings when interest rates were determined by the Federal Reserve's monetary-policy committee in Washington.（The New York Fed plays an outsized role in setting and administering American monetary policy.Its president is a permanent member of the Fed's rate-setting committee and sits over the trading desk that puts policy into effect.The jump in journeys was especially marked in 2012,when the committee decided to extend quantitative easing,the purchase of securities with newly-created money Mr.Finer builds on a provocativepaper by anna Cieslak of duke University,and adair morse and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen of the University of California at Berkeley.They asserted that information on monetary policy could be used to profit from stock market movements,and that such information had leaked from the Fed.Mr.Finer's"assumptions are flawed and misleading",the New York Fed respon ded.It is simply not credible to imply that an increase of a few taxi rides by unknown passengers between densely populated areas of the city-business,transportation and hospitality hubs-increased the risk of inappropriate communication."set sassing bisg pon g o moihogone The data do have obvious shortcomings.They do not show who was in the taxis,and departure and arrival points are accurate only to within 100 feet.Even if private bankers and New York Fed staff did meet and discuss policy,they may have broken no law.Many of the journeys were outside the blackout"periods during which communication between Fed officials and bankers is strictly forbidden But the tortuous way the Fed s policymakers release information,through an initial announcement,then weeks later the release of minutes and years later transcripts,means that a direct meeting with its officials can be extremely useful.The Fed has acknowledged that merely having a discussion can lead to accidental disclosure.And even lawful private discussions that transfer government information of value raise questions about fairness.

What is the Feds attitude to the lawful meeting with the bankers?

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries,Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts-human or self-service--to shoppers on Monday.Amazon Go,in Seattle,has been tested by staff for the past year.It uses hundreds of ceiling-mounted cameras and electronic sensors to identify each customer and track what items they select.Purchases are billed to customers'credit cards when they leave the store On entering the store,shoppers walk through gates,swiping their smartphones loaded with the Am-azon Go app.Then they are free to put anything into their own shopping bags.With the help of sensors on the shelves,items are added to customers'Amazon Go account as they pick them up-and delete any they put back.And an electronic receipt is issued as they exit The store opened to employees of the online retail giant in December 2016 and had been expected to allow the public in more quickly.But there were some teething problems with correctly identifying shoppers of similar body types--and children moving items to the wrong places on shelves,according to an Amazon insider.Gianna Puerini said the store had operated well during the test phase Hundreds of infra-red ceiling cameras have been trained over the last year to differentiate between customers as they move around the store,and between items for sale,even those with similar appearances.There are weight sensors on the shelves to help indicate if an item has been taken or put back And some items carry a visual dot code,like a bar code,to help cameras identify them.Amazon isnt offering any information on how accurate the system is.One thing we do know:they're on to the less-than-honest.A New York Times journalist had a go at shoplifting some cans of soft drink,but the system spotted it and put them on his bill Amazon has not said if it will be opening more Go stores,which are separate from the Whole Foods chain that it bought last year for$13.7bn（E10.7bn）.As yet the company has no plans to introduce the technology to the hundreds of Whole Foods stores.However,retailers know that the faster customers can make their purchases,the more likely they are to return.Making the dreaded supermarket queue a thing of the past will give any retailer a huge advantage over its competitors In its third quarter results in October,Amazon for the first time put a figure on the revenues generated by its physical stores:S 1.28bn.Yet almost all of that was generated by Whole Foods.While its stores may not yet be money spinners,analysts have said Amazon is using them to raise brand awareness and promote its Prime membership scheme.Brian Olsavsky,Amazon chief financial officer,recently hinted that rivals should expect more Amazon shops in the months and years ahead You will see more expansion from us-it's still early,so those plans will develop over time,he said in october

In Amazon go the cameras and electronic sensors can

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries,Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts-human or self-service--to shoppers on Monday.Amazon Go,in Seattle,has been tested by staff for the past year.It uses hundreds of ceiling-mounted cameras and electronic sensors to identify each customer and track what items they select.Purchases are billed to customers'credit cards when they leave the store On entering the store,shoppers walk through gates,swiping their smartphones loaded with the Am-azon Go app.Then they are free to put anything into their own shopping bags.With the help of sensors on the shelves,items are added to customers'Amazon Go account as they pick them up-and delete any they put back.And an electronic receipt is issued as they exit The store opened to employees of the online retail giant in December 2016 and had been expected to allow the public in more quickly.But there were some teething problems with correctly identifying shoppers of similar body types--and children moving items to the wrong places on shelves,according to an Amazon insider.Gianna Puerini said the store had operated well during the test phase Hundreds of infra-red ceiling cameras have been trained over the last year to differentiate between customers as they move around the store,and between items for sale,even those with similar appearances.There are weight sensors on the shelves to help indicate if an item has been taken or put back And some items carry a visual dot code,like a bar code,to help cameras identify them.Amazon isnt offering any information on how accurate the system is.One thing we do know:they're on to the less-than-honest.A New York Times journalist had a go at shoplifting some cans of soft drink,but the system spotted it and put them on his bill Amazon has not said if it will be opening more Go stores,which are separate from the Whole Foods chain that it bought last year for$13.7bn（E10.7bn）.As yet the company has no plans to introduce the technology to the hundreds of Whole Foods stores.However,retailers know that the faster customers can make their purchases,the more likely they are to return.Making the dreaded supermarket queue a thing of the past will give any retailer a huge advantage over its competitors In its third quarter results in October,Amazon for the first time put a figure on the revenues generated by its physical stores:S 1.28bn.Yet almost all of that was generated by Whole Foods.While its stores may not yet be money spinners,analysts have said Amazon is using them to raise brand awareness and promote its Prime membership scheme.Brian Olsavsky,Amazon chief financial officer,recently hinted that rivals should expect more Amazon shops in the months and years ahead You will see more expansion from us-it's still early,so those plans will develop over time,he said in october

In the last paragraph,Brian Olsavsky implies that

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries,Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts-human or self-service--to shoppers on Monday.Amazon Go,in Seattle,has been tested by staff for the past year.It uses hundreds of ceiling-mounted cameras and electronic sensors to identify each customer and track what items they select.Purchases are billed to customers'credit cards when they leave the store On entering the store,shoppers walk through gates,swiping their smartphones loaded with the Am-azon Go app.Then they are free to put anything into their own shopping bags.With the help of sensors on the shelves,items are added to customers'Amazon Go account as they pick them up-and delete any they put back.And an electronic receipt is issued as they exit The store opened to employees of the online retail giant in December 2016 and had been expected to allow the public in more quickly.But there were some teething problems with correctly identifying shoppers of similar body types--and children moving items to the wrong places on shelves,according to an Amazon insider.Gianna Puerini said the store had operated well during the test phase Hundreds of infra-red ceiling cameras have been trained over the last year to differentiate between customers as they move around the store,and between items for sale,even those with similar appearances.There are weight sensors on the shelves to help indicate if an item has been taken or put back And some items carry a visual dot code,like a bar code,to help cameras identify them.Amazon isnt offering any information on how accurate the system is.One thing we do know:they're on to the less-than-honest.A New York Times journalist had a go at shoplifting some cans of soft drink,but the system spotted it and put them on his bill Amazon has not said if it will be opening more Go stores,which are separate from the Whole Foods chain that it bought last year for$13.7bn（E10.7bn）.As yet the company has no plans to introduce the technology to the hundreds of Whole Foods stores.However,retailers know that the faster customers can make their purchases,the more likely they are to return.Making the dreaded supermarket queue a thing of the past will give any retailer a huge advantage over its competitors In its third quarter results in October,Amazon for the first time put a figure on the revenues generated by its physical stores:S 1.28bn.Yet almost all of that was generated by Whole Foods.While its stores may not yet be money spinners,analysts have said Amazon is using them to raise brand awareness and promote its Prime membership scheme.Brian Olsavsky,Amazon chief financial officer,recently hinted that rivals should expect more Amazon shops in the months and years ahead You will see more expansion from us-it's still early,so those plans will develop over time,he said in october

Amazon delayed the launch of Amazon Go store in that

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries,Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts-human or self-service--to shoppers on Monday.Amazon Go,in Seattle,has been tested by staff for the past year.It uses hundreds of ceiling-mounted cameras and electronic sensors to identify each customer and track what items they select.Purchases are billed to customers'credit cards when they leave the store On entering the store,shoppers walk through gates,swiping their smartphones loaded with the Am-azon Go app.Then they are free to put anything into their own shopping bags.With the help of sensors on the shelves,items are added to customers'Amazon Go account as they pick them up-and delete any they put back.And an electronic receipt is issued as they exit The store opened to employees of the online retail giant in December 2016 and had been expected to allow the public in more quickly.But there were some teething problems with correctly identifying shoppers of similar body types--and children moving items to the wrong places on shelves,according to an Amazon insider.Gianna Puerini said the store had operated well during the test phase Hundreds of infra-red ceiling cameras have been trained over the last year to differentiate between customers as they move around the store,and between items for sale,even those with similar appearances.There are weight sensors on the shelves to help indicate if an item has been taken or put back And some items carry a visual dot code,like a bar code,to help cameras identify them.Amazon isnt offering any information on how accurate the system is.One thing we do know:they're on to the less-than-honest.A New York Times journalist had a go at shoplifting some cans of soft drink,but the system spotted it and put them on his bill Amazon has not said if it will be opening more Go stores,which are separate from the Whole Foods chain that it bought last year for$13.7bn（E10.7bn）.As yet the company has no plans to introduce the technology to the hundreds of Whole Foods stores.However,retailers know that the faster customers can make their purchases,the more likely they are to return.Making the dreaded supermarket queue a thing of the past will give any retailer a huge advantage over its competitors In its third quarter results in October,Amazon for the first time put a figure on the revenues generated by its physical stores:S 1.28bn.Yet almost all of that was generated by Whole Foods.While its stores may not yet be money spinners,analysts have said Amazon is using them to raise brand awareness and promote its Prime membership scheme.Brian Olsavsky,Amazon chief financial officer,recently hinted that rivals should expect more Amazon shops in the months and years ahead You will see more expansion from us-it's still early,so those plans will develop over time,he said in october

Amazon will have a huge advantage if

As computing power has grown,it has become easier to uncover information hidden inside datasets that seem totally unconnected.Some recent studies have used this approach to reveal business-related information flows.One linked the movements of 18th-century share prices with the arrival of ships bringing news.Another looked at the relationship between business activity and the movements of corporate jets.A third mined White House visitor logs for the names of executives and examined their companies'subsequent stock market returns David Finer,a graduate student at University of Chicago's Booth School of Business,analyzed trips connecting the headquarters of big banks and the Federal reserve Bank of New york（FrBny）He extracted trips starting at commercial banks and at the New york Fed that converged on the same destination around lunchtime,and those directly from banks to the New york Fed late in the evening.The number of such journeys rose sharply around the dates of meetings when interest rates were determined by the Federal Reserve's monetary-policy committee in Washington.（The New York Fed plays an outsized role in setting and administering American monetary policy.Its president is a permanent member of the Fed's rate-setting committee and sits over the trading desk that puts policy into effect.The jump in journeys was especially marked in 2012,when the committee decided to extend quantitative easing,the purchase of securities with newly-created money Mr.Finer builds on a provocativepaper by anna Cieslak of duke University,and adair morse and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen of the University of California at Berkeley.They asserted that information on monetary policy could be used to profit from stock market movements,and that such information had leaked from the Fed.Mr.Finer's"assumptions are flawed and misleading",the New York Fed respon ded.It is simply not credible to imply that an increase of a few taxi rides by unknown passengers between densely populated areas of the city-business,transportation and hospitality hubs-increased the risk of inappropriate communication."set sassing bisg pon g o moihogone The data do have obvious shortcomings.They do not show who was in the taxis,and departure and arrival points are accurate only to within 100 feet.Even if private bankers and New York Fed staff did meet and discuss policy,they may have broken no law.Many of the journeys were outside the blackout"periods during which communication between Fed officials and bankers is strictly forbidden But the tortuous way the Fed s policymakers release information,through an initial announcement,then weeks later the release of minutes and years later transcripts,means that a direct meeting with its officials can be extremely useful.The Fed has acknowledged that merely having a discussion can lead to accidental disclosure.And even lawful private discussions that transfer government information of value raise questions about fairness.

According to Paragraph 1,the development of the computing power has enabled people to

As computing power has grown,it has become easier to uncover information hidden inside datasets that seem totally unconnected.Some recent studies have used this approach to reveal business-related information flows.One linked the movements of 18th-century share prices with the arrival of ships bringing news.Another looked at the relationship between business activity and the movements of corporate jets.A third mined White House visitor logs for the names of executives and examined their companies'subsequent stock market returns David Finer,a graduate student at University of Chicago's Booth School of Business,analyzed trips connecting the headquarters of big banks and the Federal reserve Bank of New york（FrBny）He extracted trips starting at commercial banks and at the New york Fed that converged on the same destination around lunchtime,and those directly from banks to the New york Fed late in the evening.The number of such journeys rose sharply around the dates of meetings when interest rates were determined by the Federal Reserve's monetary-policy committee in Washington.（The New York Fed plays an outsized role in setting and administering American monetary policy.Its president is a permanent member of the Fed's rate-setting committee and sits over the trading desk that puts policy into effect.The jump in journeys was especially marked in 2012,when the committee decided to extend quantitative easing,the purchase of securities with newly-created money Mr.Finer builds on a provocativepaper by anna Cieslak of duke University,and adair morse and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen of the University of California at Berkeley.They asserted that information on monetary policy could be used to profit from stock market movements,and that such information had leaked from the Fed.Mr.Finer's"assumptions are flawed and misleading",the New York Fed respon ded.It is simply not credible to imply that an increase of a few taxi rides by unknown passengers between densely populated areas of the city-business,transportation and hospitality hubs-increased the risk of inappropriate communication."set sassing bisg pon g o moihogone The data do have obvious shortcomings.They do not show who was in the taxis,and departure and arrival points are accurate only to within 100 feet.Even if private bankers and New York Fed staff did meet and discuss policy,they may have broken no law.Many of the journeys were outside the blackout"periods during which communication between Fed officials and bankers is strictly forbidden But the tortuous way the Fed s policymakers release information,through an initial announcement,then weeks later the release of minutes and years later transcripts,means that a direct meeting with its officials can be extremely useful.The Fed has acknowledged that merely having a discussion can lead to accidental disclosure.And even lawful private discussions that transfer government information of value raise questions about fairness.

Which of the following is true according to David Finer?

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries,Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts-human or self-service--to shoppers on Monday.Amazon Go,in Seattle,has been tested by staff for the past year.It uses hundreds of ceiling-mounted cameras and electronic sensors to identify each customer and track what items they select.Purchases are billed to customers'credit cards when they leave the store On entering the store,shoppers walk through gates,swiping their smartphones loaded with the Am-azon Go app.Then they are free to put anything into their own shopping bags.With the help of sensors on the shelves,items are added to customers'Amazon Go account as they pick them up-and delete any they put back.And an electronic receipt is issued as they exit The store opened to employees of the online retail giant in December 2016 and had been expected to allow the public in more quickly.But there were some teething problems with correctly identifying shoppers of similar body types--and children moving items to the wrong places on shelves,according to an Amazon insider.Gianna Puerini said the store had operated well during the test phase Hundreds of infra-red ceiling cameras have been trained over the last year to differentiate between customers as they move around the store,and between items for sale,even those with similar appearances.There are weight sensors on the shelves to help indicate if an item has been taken or put back And some items carry a visual dot code,like a bar code,to help cameras identify them.Amazon isnt offering any information on how accurate the system is.One thing we do know:they're on to the less-than-honest.A New York Times journalist had a go at shoplifting some cans of soft drink,but the system spotted it and put them on his bill Amazon has not said if it will be opening more Go stores,which are separate from the Whole Foods chain that it bought last year for$13.7bn（E10.7bn）.As yet the company has no plans to introduce the technology to the hundreds of Whole Foods stores.However,retailers know that the faster customers can make their purchases,the more likely they are to return.Making the dreaded supermarket queue a thing of the past will give any retailer a huge advantage over its competitors In its third quarter results in October,Amazon for the first time put a figure on the revenues generated by its physical stores:S 1.28bn.Yet almost all of that was generated by Whole Foods.While its stores may not yet be money spinners,analysts have said Amazon is using them to raise brand awareness and promote its Prime membership scheme.Brian Olsavsky,Amazon chief financial officer,recently hinted that rivals should expect more Amazon shops in the months and years ahead You will see more expansion from us-it's still early,so those plans will develop over time,he said in october

By saying they’re on to the less-than-honest"（Lines 5&6,Para.4）,the author means

As computing power has grown,it has become easier to uncover information hidden inside datasets that seem totally unconnected.Some recent studies have used this approach to reveal business-related information flows.One linked the movements of 18th-century share prices with the arrival of ships bringing news.Another looked at the relationship between business activity and the movements of corporate jets.A third mined White House visitor logs for the names of executives and examined their companies'subsequent stock market returns David Finer,a graduate student at University of Chicago's Booth School of Business,analyzed trips connecting the headquarters of big banks and the Federal reserve Bank of New york（FrBny）He extracted trips starting at commercial banks and at the New york Fed that converged on the same destination around lunchtime,and those directly from banks to the New york Fed late in the evening.The number of such journeys rose sharply around the dates of meetings when interest rates were determined by the Federal Reserve's monetary-policy committee in Washington.（The New York Fed plays an outsized role in setting and administering American monetary policy.Its president is a permanent member of the Fed's rate-setting committee and sits over the trading desk that puts policy into effect.The jump in journeys was especially marked in 2012,when the committee decided to extend quantitative easing,the purchase of securities with newly-created money Mr.Finer builds on a provocativepaper by anna Cieslak of duke University,and adair morse and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen of the University of California at Berkeley.They asserted that information on monetary policy could be used to profit from stock market movements,and that such information had leaked from the Fed.Mr.Finer's"assumptions are flawed and misleading",the New York Fed respon ded.It is simply not credible to imply that an increase of a few taxi rides by unknown passengers between densely populated areas of the city-business,transportation and hospitality hubs-increased the risk of inappropriate communication."set sassing bisg pon g o moihogone The data do have obvious shortcomings.They do not show who was in the taxis,and departure and arrival points are accurate only to within 100 feet.Even if private bankers and New York Fed staff did meet and discuss policy,they may have broken no law.Many of the journeys were outside the blackout"periods during which communication between Fed officials and bankers is strictly forbidden But the tortuous way the Fed s policymakers release information,through an initial announcement,then weeks later the release of minutes and years later transcripts,means that a direct meeting with its officials can be extremely useful.The Fed has acknowledged that merely having a discussion can lead to accidental disclosure.And even lawful private discussions that transfer government information of value raise questions about fairness.

The Fed regarded Mr.Finer's assumptions to be"flawed and misleading"because

Universities are threatening to punish staff who fail to make up for lectures and seminars cancelled during strikes,a move that union leaders say could prolong the industrial action In one case the University of Kent has told staff that any failure to reschedule lectures or classes lost because of the strike would see them lose 50%to 100%of their pay"for every day where an individual continues to refuse to perform their full contract of employment".Kent's headline stance extends to deducting a high proportion of pay from low-paid graduate teaching assistants,with some liable to lose more than a month's pay for taking part in the strikes that have so far lasted five days.The strike by academics,librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions,which the University and College Union claims it will cost staff f 10,000 a year after retirement are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.Liverpool University,headed by Janet Beer,the president of the Universities UK group backing the pension changes,told staff they would be"expected to provide learning materials"for events missed through strikes or they could have their pay docked.Sheffield University had initially threatened to further dock pay but the university backed down after staff protests.Keith Burnett,Sheffields vice-chan cellor,issued a statement saying the university would not take a punitive approach".Sally Hunt,the UCU general secretary,said universities such as Kent risked prolonging the strikesy adopting a confrontational approach."Universities are trying a wide range of tactics to break striking staff in this dispute.The one thing they have in common is that none of them are working,Hunt said Leon Schoonderwoerd,a Ph.D student in theoretical physics who is a graduate teaching assistant at Kent,said the university was taking about$200-$250 from his$300 monthly pay for taking part in the strike."The university has taken the harshest route in the way it has decided to deduct pay,"Schoon-derwoerd said.Staff at Oxford and Cambridge universities are using institutional protests to change their universities positions on the pension changes.In Oxford,academics have petitioned for an emergency debate at the,university's congregation next week but Oxfords leadership wowed to block any debate using procedural rules.Cambridges vice-chancellor,Stephen Toope,announced that the university was prepared to pay higher contributions in order to retain the current pension scheme and end the dispute It should be noted,however,that this approach would likely require trade-offs and cuts in other parts of the university,Toope said.

What was the leaders'reaction to the staffs protest in Oxford University?

In some ways,the nine-day West Virginia teachers'strike that ended March 6 echoed the momentous labor actions that have marked the Mountain State's history.But the story also contained a plot device straight out of a cyberpunk future.A proposed change to West Virginias public worker health plan would have asked teachers to download a mobile fitness app called Go365 and earn points on it by wearing a Fitbit,a wristband that logs the wearer's heart rate,steps taken,quality of sleep,and other metrics.Those who declined,or who complied but failed to earn enough points,would face a penalty of s 500 each year The state authority scrapped the proposal but it remains a sign of the times:As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity,workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices,don wearables,and even accept electronic implants,all while being assured that the new tools g their best interests.The growing adoption of technology that some see as invasive raises questions of what exactly constitutes voluntary behavior in a wage economy“Very few things in the workplace are voluntary,"says attorney Paula Brantner,a senior adviser at Workplace Fairness,a nonprofit in Silver Spring,Md,that promotes employee rights."You have an incentive to keep your job,to make your employer happy,to be on track for raises and promotions Currently Just 8%of employer-sponsored wellness plans provide fitness-tracking bands,but they can be used for more than just ensuring workers stay active.And other potentially intrusive devices have starte d to pop up as well.These trackers contribute data to what human resource managers call"people analytics,an approach that big data and analytics bring to bear on decisions involving hiring,firing and productivity It's this sort of fine-grained analytics that Amazon was pursuing in 2016 when it filed two patents for wristbands that use ultrasonic pulses and radio transmissions to monitor the locations of employees hands relative to inventory bins,so that employers can"monitor performance of assigned tasks."Other companies are going deeper with electronic trackers,literally.Last summer,the Wisconsin-based vending-kiosk company Three Square Market announced that it would be offering its workers the opportunity to have radio-frequency identification chips implanted into their hands.According to the company,The rice-grain-sized chip would be injected between the thumb and forefinger,where it can be used to unlock doors,log in to computers,run photocopiers,and purchase snacks from break-room vending machines There needs to be just a broader acknowledgement of the necessity of these things in people's lives,not just as the superficial social technologies but increasingly as the mundane ways that we get stuff done in our everyday lives,says Julia Ticona,a postdoctoral researcher at the Data Society Research Institute in New York."We need to really treat them instead of purely individual consumer devices,to treat them as a part of public infrastructure Ticona argues that government efforts to extend home broadband internet access to all Americans should more fully take mobile technology into account We don't just sit at home at our desks and do homework on our laptop,she says"It's out in the world and it needs to travel with us

West Virginia teachers'strike fought against

Universities are threatening to punish staff who fail to make up for lectures and seminars cancelled during strikes,a move that union leaders say could prolong the industrial action In one case the University of Kent has told staff that any failure to reschedule lectures or classes lost because of the strike would see them lose 50%to 100%of their pay"for every day where an individual continues to refuse to perform their full contract of employment".Kent's headline stance extends to deducting a high proportion of pay from low-paid graduate teaching assistants,with some liable to lose more than a month's pay for taking part in the strikes that have so far lasted five days.The strike by academics,librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions,which the University and College Union claims it will cost staff f 10,000 a year after retirement are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.Liverpool University,headed by Janet Beer,the president of the Universities UK group backing the pension changes,told staff they would be"expected to provide learning materials"for events missed through strikes or they could have their pay docked.Sheffield University had initially threatened to further dock pay but the university backed down after staff protests.Keith Burnett,Sheffields vice-chan cellor,issued a statement saying the university would not take a punitive approach".Sally Hunt,the UCU general secretary,said universities such as Kent risked prolonging the strikesy adopting a confrontational approach."Universities are trying a wide range of tactics to break striking staff in this dispute.The one thing they have in common is that none of them are working,Hunt said Leon Schoonderwoerd,a Ph.D student in theoretical physics who is a graduate teaching assistant at Kent,said the university was taking about$200-$250 from his$300 monthly pay for taking part in the strike."The university has taken the harshest route in the way it has decided to deduct pay,"Schoon-derwoerd said.Staff at Oxford and Cambridge universities are using institutional protests to change their universities positions on the pension changes.In Oxford,academics have petitioned for an emergency debate at the,university's congregation next week but Oxfords leadership wowed to block any debate using procedural rules.Cambridges vice-chancellor,Stephen Toope,announced that the university was prepared to pay higher contributions in order to retain the current pension scheme and end the dispute It should be noted,however,that this approach would likely require trade-offs and cuts in other parts of the university,Toope said.

What is the passage mainly about?

In some ways,the nine-day West Virginia teachers'strike that ended March 6 echoed the momentous labor actions that have marked the Mountain State's history.But the story also contained a plot device straight out of a cyberpunk future.A proposed change to West Virginias public worker health plan would have asked teachers to download a mobile fitness app called Go365 and earn points on it by wearing a Fitbit,a wristband that logs the wearer's heart rate,steps taken,quality of sleep,and other metrics.Those who declined,or who complied but failed to earn enough points,would face a penalty of s 500 each year The state authority scrapped the proposal but it remains a sign of the times:As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity,workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices,don wearables,and even accept electronic implants,all while being assured that the new tools g their best interests.The growing adoption of technology that some see as invasive raises questions of what exactly constitutes voluntary behavior in a wage economy“Very few things in the workplace are voluntary,"says attorney Paula Brantner,a senior adviser at Workplace Fairness,a nonprofit in Silver Spring,Md,that promotes employee rights."You have an incentive to keep your job,to make your employer happy,to be on track for raises and promotions Currently Just 8%of employer-sponsored wellness plans provide fitness-tracking bands,but they can be used for more than just ensuring workers stay active.And other potentially intrusive devices have starte d to pop up as well.These trackers contribute data to what human resource managers call"people analytics,an approach that big data and analytics bring to bear on decisions involving hiring,firing and productivity It's this sort of fine-grained analytics that Amazon was pursuing in 2016 when it filed two patents for wristbands that use ultrasonic pulses and radio transmissions to monitor the locations of employees hands relative to inventory bins,so that employers can"monitor performance of assigned tasks."Other companies are going deeper with electronic trackers,literally.Last summer,the Wisconsin-based vending-kiosk company Three Square Market announced that it would be offering its workers the opportunity to have radio-frequency identification chips implanted into their hands.According to the company,The rice-grain-sized chip would be injected between the thumb and forefinger,where it can be used to unlock doors,log in to computers,run photocopiers,and purchase snacks from break-room vending machines There needs to be just a broader acknowledgement of the necessity of these things in people's lives,not just as the superficial social technologies but increasingly as the mundane ways that we get stuff done in our everyday lives,says Julia Ticona,a postdoctoral researcher at the Data Society Research Institute in New York."We need to really treat them instead of purely individual consumer devices,to treat them as a part of public infrastructure Ticona argues that government efforts to extend home broadband internet access to all Americans should more fully take mobile technology into account We don't just sit at home at our desks and do homework on our laptop,she says"It's out in the world and it needs to travel with us

What is the text mainly about?

In some ways,the nine-day West Virginia teachers'strike that ended March 6 echoed the momentous labor actions that have marked the Mountain State's history.But the story also contained a plot device straight out of a cyberpunk future.A proposed change to West Virginias public worker health plan would have asked teachers to download a mobile fitness app called Go365 and earn points on it by wearing a Fitbit,a wristband that logs the wearer's heart rate,steps taken,quality of sleep,and other metrics.Those who declined,or who complied but failed to earn enough points,would face a penalty of s 500 each year The state authority scrapped the proposal but it remains a sign of the times:As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity,workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices,don wearables,and even accept electronic implants,all while being assured that the new tools g their best interests.The growing adoption of technology that some see as invasive raises questions of what exactly constitutes voluntary behavior in a wage economy“Very few things in the workplace are voluntary,"says attorney Paula Brantner,a senior adviser at Workplace Fairness,a nonprofit in Silver Spring,Md,that promotes employee rights."You have an incentive to keep your job,to make your employer happy,to be on track for raises and promotions Currently Just 8%of employer-sponsored wellness plans provide fitness-tracking bands,but they can be used for more than just ensuring workers stay active.And other potentially intrusive devices have starte d to pop up as well.These trackers contribute data to what human resource managers call"people analytics,an approach that big data and analytics bring to bear on decisions involving hiring,firing and productivity It's this sort of fine-grained analytics that Amazon was pursuing in 2016 when it filed two patents for wristbands that use ultrasonic pulses and radio transmissions to monitor the locations of employees hands relative to inventory bins,so that employers can"monitor performance of assigned tasks."Other companies are going deeper with electronic trackers,literally.Last summer,the Wisconsin-based vending-kiosk company Three Square Market announced that it would be offering its workers the opportunity to have radio-frequency identification chips implanted into their hands.According to the company,The rice-grain-sized chip would be injected between the thumb and forefinger,where it can be used to unlock doors,log in to computers,run photocopiers,and purchase snacks from break-room vending machines There needs to be just a broader acknowledgement of the necessity of these things in people's lives,not just as the superficial social technologies but increasingly as the mundane ways that we get stuff done in our everyday lives,says Julia Ticona,a postdoctoral researcher at the Data Society Research Institute in New York."We need to really treat them instead of purely individual consumer devices,to treat them as a part of public infrastructure Ticona argues that government efforts to extend home broadband internet access to all Americans should more fully take mobile technology into account We don't just sit at home at our desks and do homework on our laptop,she says"It's out in the world and it needs to travel with us

Why did Paula Brantner say Very few things in the workplace are voluntary"

Universities are threatening to punish staff who fail to make up for lectures and seminars cancelled during strikes,a move that union leaders say could prolong the industrial action In one case the University of Kent has told staff that any failure to reschedule lectures or classes lost because of the strike would see them lose 50%to 100%of their pay"for every day where an individual continues to refuse to perform their full contract of employment".Kent's headline stance extends to deducting a high proportion of pay from low-paid graduate teaching assistants,with some liable to lose more than a month's pay for taking part in the strikes that have so far lasted five days.The strike by academics,librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions,which the University and College Union claims it will cost staff f 10,000 a year after retirement are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.Liverpool University,headed by Janet Beer,the president of the Universities UK group backing the pension changes,told staff they would be"expected to provide learning materials"for events missed through strikes or they could have their pay docked.Sheffield University had initially threatened to further dock pay but the university backed down after staff protests.Keith Burnett,Sheffields vice-chan cellor,issued a statement saying the university would not take a punitive approach".Sally Hunt,the UCU general secretary,said universities such as Kent risked prolonging the strikesy adopting a confrontational approach."Universities are trying a wide range of tactics to break striking staff in this dispute.The one thing they have in common is that none of them are working,Hunt said Leon Schoonderwoerd,a Ph.D student in theoretical physics who is a graduate teaching assistant at Kent,said the university was taking about$200-$250 from his$300 monthly pay for taking part in the strike."The university has taken the harshest route in the way it has decided to deduct pay,"Schoon-derwoerd said.Staff at Oxford and Cambridge universities are using institutional protests to change their universities positions on the pension changes.In Oxford,academics have petitioned for an emergency debate at the,university's congregation next week but Oxfords leadership wowed to block any debate using procedural rules.Cambridges vice-chancellor,Stephen Toope,announced that the university was prepared to pay higher contributions in order to retain the current pension scheme and end the dispute It should be noted,however,that this approach would likely require trade-offs and cuts in other parts of the university,Toope said.

According to Sally Hunt,the tactics used by Kent Universities

Universities are threatening to punish staff who fail to make up for lectures and seminars cancelled during strikes,a move that union leaders say could prolong the industrial action In one case the University of Kent has told staff that any failure to reschedule lectures or classes lost because of the strike would see them lose 50%to 100%of their pay"for every day where an individual continues to refuse to perform their full contract of employment".Kent's headline stance extends to deducting a high proportion of pay from low-paid graduate teaching assistants,with some liable to lose more than a month's pay for taking part in the strikes that have so far lasted five days.The strike by academics,librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions,which the University and College Union claims it will cost staff f 10,000 a year after retirement are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.Liverpool University,headed by Janet Beer,the president of the Universities UK group backing the pension changes,told staff they would be"expected to provide learning materials"for events missed through strikes or they could have their pay docked.Sheffield University had initially threatened to further dock pay but the university backed down after staff protests.Keith Burnett,Sheffields vice-chan cellor,issued a statement saying the university would not take a punitive approach".Sally Hunt,the UCU general secretary,said universities such as Kent risked prolonging the strikesy adopting a confrontational approach."Universities are trying a wide range of tactics to break striking staff in this dispute.The one thing they have in common is that none of them are working,Hunt said Leon Schoonderwoerd,a Ph.D student in theoretical physics who is a graduate teaching assistant at Kent,said the university was taking about$200-$250 from his$300 monthly pay for taking part in the strike."The university has taken the harshest route in the way it has decided to deduct pay,"Schoon-derwoerd said.Staff at Oxford and Cambridge universities are using institutional protests to change their universities positions on the pension changes.In Oxford,academics have petitioned for an emergency debate at the,university's congregation next week but Oxfords leadership wowed to block any debate using procedural rules.Cambridges vice-chancellor,Stephen Toope,announced that the university was prepared to pay higher contributions in order to retain the current pension scheme and end the dispute It should be noted,however,that this approach would likely require trade-offs and cuts in other parts of the university,Toope said.

According to the passage,"docked"（Line 3,Para.4）means

In some ways,the nine-day West Virginia teachers'strike that ended March 6 echoed the momentous labor actions that have marked the Mountain State's history.But the story also contained a plot device straight out of a cyberpunk future.A proposed change to West Virginias public worker health plan would have asked teachers to download a mobile fitness app called Go365 and earn points on it by wearing a Fitbit,a wristband that logs the wearer's heart rate,steps taken,quality of sleep,and other metrics.Those who declined,or who complied but failed to earn enough points,would face a penalty of s 500 each year The state authority scrapped the proposal but it remains a sign of the times:As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity,workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices,don wearables,and even accept electronic implants,all while being assured that the new tools g their best interests.The growing adoption of technology that some see as invasive raises questions of what exactly constitutes voluntary behavior in a wage economy“Very few things in the workplace are voluntary,"says attorney Paula Brantner,a senior adviser at Workplace Fairness,a nonprofit in Silver Spring,Md,that promotes employee rights."You have an incentive to keep your job,to make your employer happy,to be on track for raises and promotions Currently Just 8%of employer-sponsored wellness plans provide fitness-tracking bands,but they can be used for more than just ensuring workers stay active.And other potentially intrusive devices have starte d to pop up as well.These trackers contribute data to what human resource managers call"people analytics,an approach that big data and analytics bring to bear on decisions involving hiring,firing and productivity It's this sort of fine-grained analytics that Amazon was pursuing in 2016 when it filed two patents for wristbands that use ultrasonic pulses and radio transmissions to monitor the locations of employees hands relative to inventory bins,so that employers can"monitor performance of assigned tasks."Other companies are going deeper with electronic trackers,literally.Last summer,the Wisconsin-based vending-kiosk company Three Square Market announced that it would be offering its workers the opportunity to have radio-frequency identification chips implanted into their hands.According to the company,The rice-grain-sized chip would be injected between the thumb and forefinger,where it can be used to unlock doors,log in to computers,run photocopiers,and purchase snacks from break-room vending machines There needs to be just a broader acknowledgement of the necessity of these things in people's lives,not just as the superficial social technologies but increasingly as the mundane ways that we get stuff done in our everyday lives,says Julia Ticona,a postdoctoral researcher at the Data Society Research Institute in New York."We need to really treat them instead of purely individual consumer devices,to treat them as a part of public infrastructure Ticona argues that government efforts to extend home broadband internet access to all Americans should more fully take mobile technology into account We don't just sit at home at our desks and do homework on our laptop,she says"It's out in the world and it needs to travel with us

According to Paragraph 5,which of the following can be inferred about fitness trackers?

Universities are threatening to punish staff who fail to make up for lectures and seminars cancelled during strikes,a move that union leaders say could prolong the industrial action In one case the University of Kent has told staff that any failure to reschedule lectures or classes lost because of the strike would see them lose 50%to 100%of their pay"for every day where an individual continues to refuse to perform their full contract of employment".Kent's headline stance extends to deducting a high proportion of pay from low-paid graduate teaching assistants,with some liable to lose more than a month's pay for taking part in the strikes that have so far lasted five days.The strike by academics,librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions,which the University and College Union claims it will cost staff f 10,000 a year after retirement are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.Liverpool University,headed by Janet Beer,the president of the Universities UK group backing the pension changes,told staff they would be"expected to provide learning materials"for events missed through strikes or they could have their pay docked.Sheffield University had initially threatened to further dock pay but the university backed down after staff protests.Keith Burnett,Sheffields vice-chan cellor,issued a statement saying the university would not take a punitive approach".Sally Hunt,the UCU general secretary,said universities such as Kent risked prolonging the strikesy adopting a confrontational approach."Universities are trying a wide range of tactics to break striking staff in this dispute.The one thing they have in common is that none of them are working,Hunt said Leon Schoonderwoerd,a Ph.D student in theoretical physics who is a graduate teaching assistant at Kent,said the university was taking about$200-$250 from his$300 monthly pay for taking part in the strike."The university has taken the harshest route in the way it has decided to deduct pay,"Schoon-derwoerd said.Staff at Oxford and Cambridge universities are using institutional protests to change their universities positions on the pension changes.In Oxford,academics have petitioned for an emergency debate at the,university's congregation next week but Oxfords leadership wowed to block any debate using procedural rules.Cambridges vice-chancellor,Stephen Toope,announced that the university was prepared to pay higher contributions in order to retain the current pension scheme and end the dispute It should be noted,however,that this approach would likely require trade-offs and cuts in other parts of the university,Toope said.

According to Paragraph 2,what will happen if teachers fail to make up for classes lost during strikes?

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

3选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

18选？

In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona,killing all 128 people on both aircraft.At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.（1）With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand,Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise Americas air-traffic control service.This week the president out-lined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees,instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility,the FAA would become a satety body America's air-traffic system is vast,consising of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings,as well as in 21"en route"centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.（2）This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost Ibn by 2026,the problem will only get worse（3）Many countries,including Australia,Britain and Canada,have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.Nav Canada,a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace,has costs per flight hour of 340 compared with the FAA's$450.Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together,which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign,its position and course.（4）The president's proposal might even speed a move towards"virtual"control towers in low-rise buildings,which can replace towers physically localed at airports.The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn（$10bn）a year.It also,optimistically perhaps,predicts that on average aircraft will land with in one minute of their scheduled arrival time.That would count as a miraculous improvement for any one,let alone America's weary airport warriors（5）A similar plan got stuck last year,despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers'union.At least the president can dodge the queues Air Force One flights get special clearance

5选？

In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona,killing all 128 people on both aircraft.At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.（1）With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand,Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise Americas air-traffic control service.This week the president out-lined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees,instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility,the FAA would become a satety body America's air-traffic system is vast,consising of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings,as well as in 21"en route"centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.（2）This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost Ibn by 2026,the problem will only get worse（3）Many countries,including Australia,Britain and Canada,have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.Nav Canada,a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace,has costs per flight hour of 340 compared with the FAA's$450.Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together,which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign,its position and course.（4）The president's proposal might even speed a move towards"virtual"control towers in low-rise buildings,which can replace towers physically localed at airports.The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn（$10bn）a year.It also,optimistically perhaps,predicts that on average aircraft will land with in one minute of their scheduled arrival time.That would count as a miraculous improvement for any one,let alone America's weary airport warriors（5）A similar plan got stuck last year,despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers'union.At least the president can dodge the queues Air Force One flights get special clearance

2选？

]In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona,killing all 128 people on both aircraft.At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.（1）With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand,Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise Americas air-traffic control service.This week the president out-lined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees,instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility,the FAA would become a satety body America's air-traffic system is vast,consising of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings,as well as in 21"en route"centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.（2）This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost Ibn by 2026,the problem will only get worse（3）Many countries,including Australia,Britain and Canada,have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.Nav Canada,a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace,has costs per flight hour of 340 compared with the FAA's$450.Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together,which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign,its position and course.（4）The president's proposal might even speed a move towards"virtual"control towers in low-rise buildings,which can replace towers physically localed at airports.The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn（$10bn）a year.It also,optimistically perhaps,predicts that on average aircraft will land with in one minute of their scheduled arrival time.That would count as a miraculous improvement for any one,let alone America's weary airport warriors（5）A similar plan got stuck last year,despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers'union.At least the president can dodge the queues Air Force One flights get special clearance

3选？

In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona,killing all 128 people on both aircraft.At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.（1）With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand,Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise Americas air-traffic control service.This week the president out-lined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees,instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility,the FAA would become a satety body America's air-traffic system is vast,consising of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings,as well as in 21"en route"centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.（2）This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost Ibn by 2026,the problem will only get worse（3）Many countries,including Australia,Britain and Canada,have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.Nav Canada,a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace,has costs per flight hour of 340 compared with the FAA's$450.Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together,which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign,its position and course.（4）The president's proposal might even speed a move towards"virtual"control towers in low-rise buildings,which can replace towers physically localed at airports.The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn（$10bn）a year.It also,optimistically perhaps,predicts that on average aircraft will land with in one minute of their scheduled arrival time.That would count as a miraculous improvement for any one,let alone America's weary airport warriors（5）A similar plan got stuck last year,despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers'union.At least the president can dodge the queues Air Force One flights get special clearance

4选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

4选？

In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona,killing all 128 people on both aircraft.At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.（1）With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand,Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise Americas air-traffic control service.This week the president out-lined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees,instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility,the FAA would become a satety body America's air-traffic system is vast,consising of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings,as well as in 21"en route"centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.（2）This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost Ibn by 2026,the problem will only get worse（3）Many countries,including Australia,Britain and Canada,have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.Nav Canada,a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace,has costs per flight hour of 340 compared with the FAA's$450.Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together,which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign,its position and course.（4）The president's proposal might even speed a move towards"virtual"control towers in low-rise buildings,which can replace towers physically localed at airports.The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn（$10bn）a year.It also,optimistically perhaps,predicts that on average aircraft will land with in one minute of their scheduled arrival time.That would count as a miraculous improvement for any one,let alone America's weary airport warriors（5）A similar plan got stuck last year,despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers'union.At least the president can dodge the queues Air Force One flights get special clearance

1选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

5选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

7选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

15选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

8选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

16选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

17选？

]Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

10选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

14选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

9选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

12选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

11选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

13选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

19选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

20选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

2选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

6选？

Being fat doesn’t necessarily mean you're unhealthy,according to a new study.Researchers at York University in Toronto found that obesity 1 doesnt increase your risk for mortality 2 it's 3 another metabolic risk factor,such as high blood sugar or high levels of bad cholesterol This is 4 most of the literature,Jennifer Kuk,a（n）5 professor of kinesiology at York University,writes in a press 6.She says 7,most studies defined"healthy"obesity 8 having up to one metabolic risk factor--which is an issue,9 conditions like high blood sugar and bad cholesterol increase mortality risk for anyone,skinny or fat.This is likely 10 most studies have reported that healthy'obesity is still 11 higher mortality risk,she says.The study looked at data of 54,089 men and women from five large studies,and 12 them into two groups:those who were obese and had no metabolic risk factors,and those who were obese and had metabolic 13 such as elevated glucose,blood pressure or lipids Researchers then looked at how many people in each group died,and 14 their numbers to the death rate for 15-weight folks who had no metabolic risk factors We found that a person of normal weight 16 no other metabolic nsk factors is Just as likely to die as the person with obesity and no other risk factors,"Kuk says.according to their 17 individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are actually not at an elevated mortality 18 This means that hundreds of thousands of people in North America with metabolically healthy obe sity will be told to lose weight when it's 19 how much benefit they'll actually 20 she concludes

1选？

One of the biggest--and most lucrative-applications of artificial intelligence（AI）is in health care.And the capacity of ai to diagnose or predict disease risk is developing rapidly.In recent weeks researchers have unveiled AI models that scan retinal images to predict eye-and cardiovascular-disease risk,and that analyse mammograms to detect breast cancer.Some ai tools have already found their way into clinical practiceaI diagnostics have the potential to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care.Many are a triumph for science,representing years of improvements in computing power and the neural networks that underlie deep learning.In this form of Al,computers process hundreds of thousands of labelled disease images,until they can classify the images unaided.In reports,researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if it can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists.But that alone does not mean the ai diagnostic is ready for the clinic.Many reports are best viewed as analogous to studies showing that a drug kills a pathogen in a Petri dish.Such studies are exciting but scientific process demands that the methods and materials be described in detail,and that the study is replicated and the drug tested in a progression of studies culminating in large clinical trials.This does not seem to be happening enough in ai diagnostics.Many in the field complain that too many developers are not taking the studies far enough.They are not applying the evidence-based approaches that are established in mature fields,such as drug development These details matter.For instance,one investigation published last year found that an model detected breast cancer in whole slide images better than did 11 pathologists who were allowed assessment times of about one minute per image.However,a pathologist given unlimited time performed as well as al,and found difficult-to-detect cases more often than the computers Some issues might not appear until the tool is applied.For example,a diagnostic algorithm might incorrectly associate images produced using a particular device with a disease--but only because,during the training process,the clinic using that device saw more people with the disease than did another clinic uSing a different device These problems can be overcome.One way is for doctors who deploy aI diagnostic tools in the clinic to track results and report them so that retrospective studies expose any deficiencies.better yet such tools should be developed rigorously-trained on extensive data and validated in controlled studies that undergo peer review.This is slow and difficult,in part because privacy concerns can make it hard for researchers to access the massive amounts of medical data needed.A News story in Nature discusses one possible answer:researchers are building blockchain-based systems to encourage patients to securey share information.At present,human oversight will probably prevent weaknesses in ai diagnosis from being a matter of life or death.That is why regulatory bodies,such as the US Food and Drug Administration,allow doctors to pilot technologies classified as low risk But lack of rigour does carry immediate risks the hype-fail cycle could discourage others from investing in similar techniques that might be better.Sometimes,in a competitive field such as al,a well-publicized set of results can be enough to stop rivals from entering the same field Slow and careful research is a better approach.Backed by reliable data and robust methods,it may take longer,and will not churn out as many crowd-pleasing announcements.But it could prevent deaths and change lives

One of the biggest--ad most lucrative-applications of artificial intelligence（AI）is in health care.And the capacity of ai to diagnose or predict disease risk is developing rapidly.In recent weeks researchers have unveiled AI models that scan retinal images to predict eye-and cardiovascular-disease risk,and that analyse mammograms to detect breast cancer.Some ai tools have already found their way into clinical practiceaI diagnostics have the potential to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care.Many are a triumph for science,representing years of improvements in computing power and the neural networks that underlie deep learning.In this form of Al,computers process hundreds of thousands of labelled disease images,until they can classify the images unaided.In reports,researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if it can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists.But that alone does not mean the ai diagnostic is ready for the clinic.Many reports are best viewed as analogous to studies showing that a drug kills a pathogen in a Petri dish.Such studies are exciting but scientific process demands that the methods and materials be described in detail,and that the study is replicated and the drug tested in a progression of studies culminating in large clinical trials.This does not seem to be happening enough in ai diagnostics.Many in the field complain that too many developers are not taking the studies far enough.They are not applying the evidence-based approaches that are established in mature fields,such as drug development These details matter.For instance,one investigation published last year found that an model detected breast cancer in whole slide images better than did 11 pathologists who were allowed assessment times of about one minute per image.However,a pathologist given unlimited time performed as well as al,and found difficult-to-detect cases more often than the computers Some issues might not appear until the tool is applied.For example,a diagnostic algorithm might incorrectly associate images produced using a particular device with a disease--but only because,during the training process,the clinic using that device saw more people with the disease than did another clinic uSing a different device These problems can be overcome.One way is for doctors who deploy aI diagnostic tools in the clinic to track results and report them so that retrospective studies expose any deficiencies.better yet such tools should be developed rigorously-trained on extensive data and validated in controlled studies that undergo peer review.This is slow and difficult,in part because privacy concerns can make it hard for researchers to access the massive amounts of medical data needed.A News story in Nature discusses one possible answer:researchers are building blockchain-based systems to encourage patients to securey share information.At present,human oversight will probably prevent weaknesses in ai diagnosis from being a matter of life or death.That is why regulatory bodies,such as the US Food and Drug Administration,allow doctors to pilot technologies classified as low risk But lack of rigour does carry immediate risks the hype-fail cycle could discourage others from investing in similar techniques that might be better.Sometimes,in a competitive field such as al,a well-publicized set of results can be enough to stop rivals from entering the same field Slow and careful research is a better approach.Backed by reliable data and robust methods,it may take longer,and will not churn out as many crowd-pleasing announcements.But it could prevent deaths and change lives

One of the biggest--and most lucrative-applications of artificial intelligence（AI）is in health care.And the capacity of ai to diagnose or predict disease risk is developing rapidly.In recent weeks researchers have unveiled AI models that scan retinal images to predict eye-and cardiovascular-disease risk,and that analyse mammograms to detect breast cancer.Some ai tools have already found their way into clinical practiceaI diagnostics have the potential to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care.Many are a triumph for science,representing years of improvements in computing power and the neural networks that underlie deep learning.In this form of Al,computers process hundreds of thousands of labelled disease images,until they can classify the images unaided.In reports,researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if it can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists.But that alone does not mean the ai diagnostic is ready for the clinic.Many reports are best viewed as analogous to studies showing that a drug kills a pathogen in a Petri dish.Such studies are exciting but scientific process demands that the methods and materials be described in detail,and that the study is replicated and the drug tested in a progression of studies culminating in large clinical trials.This does not seem to be happening enough in ai diagnostics.Many in the field complain that too many developers are not taking the studies far enough.They are not applying the evidence-based approaches that are established in mature fields,such as drug development These details matter.For instance,one investigation published last year found that an model detected breast cancer in whole slide images better than did 11 pathologists who were allowed assessment tmes of about one minute per image.However,a pathologist given unlimited time performed as well as al,and found difficult-to-detect cases more often than the computers Some issues might not appear until the tool is applied.For example,a diagnostic algorithm might incorrectly associate images produced using a particular device with a disease--but only because,during the training process,the clinic using that device saw more people with the disease than did another clinic uSing a different device These problems can be overcome.One way is for doctors who deploy aI diagnostic tools in the clinic to track results and report them so that retrospective studies expose any deficiencies.better yet such tools should be developed rigorously-trained on extensive data and validated in controlled studies that undergo peer review.This is slow and difficult,in part because privacy concerns can make it hard for researchers to access the massive amounts of medical data needed.A News story in Nature discusses one possible answer:researchers are building blockchain-based systems to encourage patients to securey share information.At present,human oversight will probably prevent weaknesses in ai diagnosis from being a matter of life or death.That is why regulatory bodies,such as the US Food and Drug Administration,allow doctors to pilot technologies classified as low risk But lack of rigour does carry immediate risks the hype-fail cycle could discourage others from investing in similar techniques that might be better.Sometimes,in a competitive field such as al,a well-publicized set of results can be enough to stop rivals from entering the same field Slow and careful research is a better approach.Backed by reliable data and robust methods,it may take longer,and will not churn out as many crowd-pleasing announcements.But it could prevent deaths and change lives

One of the biggest--and most lucrative-applications of artificial intelligence（AI）is in health care.And the capacity of ai to diagnose or predict disease risk is developing rapidly.In recent weeks researchers have unveiled AI models that scan retinal images to predict eye-and cardiovascular-disease risk,and that analyse mammograms to detect breast cancer.Some ai tools have already found their way into clinical practiceaI diagnostics have the potential to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care.Many are a triumph for science,representing years of improvements in computing power and the neural networks that underlie deep learning.In this form of Al,computers process hundreds of thousands of labelled disease images,until they can classify the images unaided.In reports,researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if it can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists.But that alone does not mean the ai diagnostic is ready for the clinic.Many reports ae best viewed as analogous to studies showing that a drug kills a pathogen in a Petri dish.Such studies are exciting but scientific process demands that the methods and materials be described in detail,and that the study is replicated and the drug tested in a progression of studies culminating in large clinical trials.This does not seem to be happening enough in ai diagnostics.Many in the field complain that too many developers are not taking the studies far enough.They are not applying the evidence-based approaches that are established in mature fields,such as drug development These details matter.For instance,one investigation published last year found that an model detected breast cancer in whole slide images better than did 11 pathologists who were allowed assessment times of about one minute per image.However,a pathologist given unlimited time performed as well as al,and found difficult-to-detect cases more often than the computers Some issues might not appear until the tool is applied.For example,a diagnostic algorithm might incorrectly associate images produced using a particular device with a disease--but only because,during the training process,the clinic using that device saw more people with the disease than did another clinic uSing a different device These problems can be overcome.One way is for doctors who deploy aI diagnostic tools in the clinic to track results and report them so that retrospective studies expose any deficiencies.better yet such tools should be developed rigorously-trained on extensive data and validated in controlled studies that undergo peer review.This is slow and difficult,in part because privacy concerns can make it hard for researchers to access the massive amounts of medical data needed.A News story in Nature discusses one possible answer:researchers are building blockchain-based systems to encourage patients to securey share information.At present,human oversight will probably prevent weaknesses in ai diagnosis from being a matter of life or death.That is why regulatory bodies,such as the US Food and Drug Administration,allow doctors to pilot technologies classified as low risk But lack of rigour does carry immediate risks the hype-fail cycle could discourage others from investing in similar techniques that might be better.Sometimes,in a competitive field such as al,a well-publicized set of results can be enough to stop rivals from entering the same field Slow and careful research is a better approach.Backed by reliable data and robust methods,it may take longer,and will not churn out as many crowd-pleasing announcements.But it could prevent deaths and change lives

One of the biggest--and most lucrative-applications of artificial intelligence（AI）is in health care.And the capacity of ai to diagnose or predict disease risk is developing rapidly.In recent weeks researchers have unveiled AI models that scan retinal images to predict eye-and cardiovascular-disease risk,and that analyse mammograms to detect breast cancer.Some ai tools have already found their way into clinical practiceaI diagnostics have the potential to improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care.Many are a triumph for science,representing years of improvements in computing power and the neural networks that underlie deep learning.In this form of Al,computers process hundreds of thousands of labelled disease images,until they can classify the images unaided.In reports,researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if i can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists.But that alone does not mean the ai diagnostic is ready for the clinic.Many reports are best viewed as analogous to studies showing that a drug kills a pathogen in a Petri dish.Such studies are exciting but scientific process demands that the methods and materials be described in detail,and that the study is replicated and the drug tested in a progression of studies culminating in large clinical trials.This does not seem to be happening enough in ai diagnostics.Many in the field complain that too many developers are not taking the studies far enough.They are not applying the evidence-based approaches that are established in mature fields,such as drug development These details matter.For instance,one investigation published last year found that an model detected breast cancer in whole slide images better than did 11 pathologists who were allowed assessment times of about one minute per image.However,a pathologist given unlimited time performed as well as al,and found difficult-to-detect cases more often than the computers Some issues might not appear until the tool is applied.For example,a diagnostic algorithm might incorrectly associate images produced using a particular device with a disease--but only because,during the training process,the clinic using that device saw more people with the disease than did another clinic uSing a different device These problems can be overcome.One way is for doctors who deploy aI diagnostic tools in the clinic to track results and report them so that retrospective studies expose any deficiencies.better yet such tools should be developed rigorously-trained on extensive data and validated in controlled studies that undergo peer review.This is slow and difficult,in part because privacy concerns can make it hard for researchers to access the massive amounts of medical data needed.A News story in Nature discusses one possible answer:researchers are building blockchain-based systems to encourage patients to securey share information.At present,human oversight will probably prevent weaknesses in ai diagnosis from being a matter of life or death.That is why regulatory bodies,such as the US Food and Drug Administration,allow doctors to pilot technologies classified as low risk But lack of rigour does carry immediate risks the hype-fail cycle could discourage others from investing in similar techniques that might be better.Sometimes,in a competitive field such as al,a well-publicized set of results can be enough to stop rivals from entering the same field Slow and careful research is a better approach.Backed by reliable data and robust methods,it may take longer,and will not churn out as many crowd-pleasing announcements.But it could prevent deaths and change lives