选出下列选项中读音不同的选项（ ）

Johnson ________ his meal when his friend Tim called him to eat out together.

Cultural exchange plays an important role___promoting relation between the two countries.

The two teachers taught him 30 years ago，but_____of them can recognize him now.

The education committee___his proposal without giving him any reason.

He ________ late into the night，but now he goes to bed early due to health reasons.

Modern science and technology has shortened the distance between people and brought us________ closer.

The news___the general manager had been arrested shocked everyone.

Researchers are trying to________ what's wrong with their experiments.

My computer broke down yesterday.I'll have it____as soon as possible.

The question I am going to raise today is in ________ with yesterday's discussion.

l still remember the house________ we lived when we arrived in Seattle in 2010.

________ ,the issue doesn't seem to be difficult at all.

l couldn't go to the meeting because I had to________ my brother after his accident.

Tom ________ the car accident if he hadn't drunk alcohol before driving.

Whenever I was free，I would chat with John，Helen and a few ________ friends.

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（21）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（22）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（23）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（24）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（25）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（26）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（27）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（28）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（29）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（30）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（31）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（32）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（33）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（34）题选查看材料

Teachers are some of the most important professionals in the world.They are responsible（21）preparing future generations to become productive and honest citizens，who will（22）to society for the whole of their adult life.

Obviously，the most common reason（23）teachers decide to teach is the ability to make a difference.There are many professions that give people the ability to have a（n）（24）impact on the world and change people's

lives，（25）few professions have a direct impact on（26）a better society as teachers do.

People tend to（27）their teachers for years after they finish school，for good teachers can（28）their students to become something that they（29）thought they could be，or to work（30）a field that they thought they did not（31）.

Teachers are also important because they provide

（32）for their students.In certain iow-income areas（33）some students may not have both of their parents（34），teachers can provide an important influence that helps their students make the right（35），even when they are not in the classroom.Generally，teachers'impact on students can last all through their life.

第（35）题选查看材料

Music is part of the structure of our society；it sits at the heart of human experience and enriches（丰富）so many lives.Why，then，is it not central to our education system?This is a question I recently put forward to an all-party group on music education.l am 20 years old and began playing the piano at the

Barracudas Band in Barrow-in-Furness，aged seven.The funding for the centre has now been cut.I took part in the primary tuition project，aged 11.The funding for that has also been cut now.It is a common problem across the country.Music is not an add-on，a“soft”subject or a luxury—it is absolutely essential to our existence.Every child deserves the opportunity to experience its benefits.Until music is held in the same regard as the"core"subjects of our curriculum，our society will be worse off.We need joy，empathy（共情）and hope on this planet more than ever，and taking away children's opportunity to develop musical skills is to set ourselves up for a fall.Despite the many brilliant programs and projects to encourage young musicians（“Every Child a Musician，”"Awards for Young Musicians，"to name but a few），we are reaching a crisis point.We are in danger of destroying creativity，innovation（创新）and expression.Learning an instrument can help develop so many fundamental life skills.It promotes discipline，empathy，determination and cooperation as well as providing a sense of community and worth.

Music has changed my life.It is a huge part of who I am.I have learned so much about the world through music and the inspiring figures I have met through it.I feel I have a duty to help ensure that others can benefit from its magic.Let us make it available to every single child.

Why did the author raise the question on music education?

Music is part of the structure of our society；it sits at the heart of human experience and enriches（丰富）so many lives.Why，then，is it not central to our education system?This is a question I recently put forward to an all-party group on music education.l am 20 years old and began playing the piano at the

Barracudas Band in Barrow-in-Furness，aged seven.The funding for the centre has now been cut.I took part in the primary tuition project，aged 11.The funding for that has also been cut now.It is a common problem across the country.Music is not an add-on，a“soft”subject or a luxury—it is absolutely essential to our existence.Every child deserves the opportunity to experience its benefits.Until music is held in the same regard as the"core"subjects of our curriculum，our society will be worse off.We need joy，empathy（共情）and hope on this planet more than ever，and taking away children's opportunity to develop musical skills is to set ourselves up for a fall.Despite the many brilliant programs and projects to encourage young musicians（“Every Child a Musician，”"Awards for Young Musicians，"to name but a few），we are reaching a crisis point.We are in danger of destroying creativity，innovation（创新）and expression.Learning an instrument can help develop so many fundamental life skills.It promotes discipline，empathy，determination and cooperation as well as providing a sense of community and worth.

Music has changed my life.It is a huge part of who I am.I have learned so much about the world through music and the inspiring figures I have met through it.I feel I have a duty to help ensure that others can benefit from its magic.Let us make it available to every single child.

What does the author think of the role of music?

Music is part of the structure of our society；it sits at the heart of human experience and enriches（丰富）so many lives.Why，then，is it not central to our education system?This is a question I recently put forward to an all-party group on music education.l am 20 years old and began playing the piano at the

Barracudas Band in Barrow-in-Furness，aged seven.The funding for the centre has now been cut.I took part in the primary tuition project，aged 11.The funding for that has also been cut now.It is a common problem across the country.Music is not an add-on，a“soft”subject or a luxury—it is absolutely essential to our existence.Every child deserves the opportunity to experience its benefits.Until music is held in the same regard as the"core"subjects of our curriculum，our society will be worse off.We need joy，empathy（共情）and hope on this planet more than ever，and taking away children's opportunity to develop musical skills is to set ourselves up for a fall.Despite the many brilliant programs and projects to encourage young musicians（“Every Child a Musician，”"Awards for Young Musicians，"to name but a few），we are reaching a crisis point.We are in danger of destroying creativity，innovation（创新）and expression.Learning an instrument can help develop so many fundamental life skills.It promotes discipline，empathy，determination and cooperation as well as providing a sense of community and worth.

Music has changed my life.It is a huge part of who I am.I have learned so much about the world through music and the inspiring figures I have met through it.I feel I have a duty to help ensure that others can benefit from its magic.Let us make it available to every single child.

What is the theme of the passage?

Music is part of the structure of our society；it sits at the heart of human experience and enriches（丰富）so many lives.Why，then，is it not central to our education system?This is a question I recently put forward to an all-party group on music education.l am 20 years old and began playing the piano at the

Barracudas Band in Barrow-in-Furness，aged seven.The funding for the centre has now been cut.I took part in the primary tuition project，aged 11.The funding for that has also been cut now.It is a common problem across the country.Music is not an add-on，a“soft”subject or a luxury—it is absolutely essential to our existence.Every child deserves the opportunity to experience its benefits.Until music is held in the same regard as the"core"subjects of our curriculum，our society will be worse off.We need joy，empathy（共情）and hope on this planet more than ever，and taking away children's opportunity to develop musical skills is to set ourselves up for a fall.Despite the many brilliant programs and projects to encourage young musicians（“Every Child a Musician，”"Awards for Young Musicians，"to name but a few），we are reaching a crisis point.We are in danger of destroying creativity，innovation（创新）and expression.Learning an instrument can help develop so many fundamental life skills.It promotes discipline，empathy，determination and cooperation as well as providing a sense of community and worth.

Music has changed my life.It is a huge part of who I am.I have learned so much about the world through music and the inspiring figures I have met through it.I feel I have a duty to help ensure that others can benefit from its magic.Let us make it available to every single child.

What is the author's attitude towards music?

In 2011，a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled"Guilty!”to YouTube.He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats.The first dog behaved calmly.But the second dog，Denver，sat shaking in a corner，her eyes looking down，which made Robert believe it was she who had done it.Seeing her"apparent admission of guilt，"he yelled at her，“You did this!”Denver beat her tail nervously.“You know the routine.In the kennel（狗窝）!”Following the command，the dog shut herself in.

The video quickly gathered a flood of comments.Since then，“dog shaming"has become popular on the internet，as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior.For instance，"I ate an extra large pizza，"admits a chocolate Lab.Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.

But according to a researcher at Barnard College，what we consider to

be a dog's guilty look is no sign of guilt at all.In a 2009 study，the

researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat，

and then asked the owners to leave the room.While each owner was gone，the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog.When the

owners returned，they were told—regardless of the truth—that their dogs either had or had not eaten it.If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong，blames followed，and guilty looks quickly emerged.

Yet dogs who hadn't eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had—so long as their owners scolded them.Far from signaling regret，one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper，the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience（顺从）to their owners.

What did Robert want to show with his video on YouTube?

In 2011，a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled"Guilty!”to YouTube.He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats.The first dog behaved calmly.But the second dog，Denver，sat shaking in a corner，her eyes looking down，which made Robert believe it was she who had done it.Seeing her"apparent admission of guilt，"he yelled at her，“You did this!”Denver beat her tail nervously.“You know the routine.In the kennel（狗窝）!”Following the command，the dog shut herself in.

The video quickly gathered a flood of comments.Since then，“dog shaming"has become popular on the internet，as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior.For instance，"I ate an extra large pizza，"admits a chocolate Lab.Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.

But according to a researcher at Barnard College，what we consider to

be a dog's guilty look is no sign of guilt at all.In a 2009 study，the

researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat，

and then asked the owners to leave the room.While each owner was gone，the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog.When the

owners returned，they were told—regardless of the truth—that their dogs either had or had not eaten it.If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong，blames followed，and guilty looks quickly emerged.

Yet dogs who hadn't eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had—so long as their owners scolded them.Far from signaling regret，one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper，the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience（顺从）to their owners.

How did people react to Robert's video?

In 2011，a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled"Guilty!”to YouTube.He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats.The first dog behaved calmly.But the second dog，Denver，sat shaking in a corner，her eyes looking down，which made Robert believe it was she who had done it.Seeing her"apparent admission of guilt，"he yelled at her，“You did this!”Denver beat her tail nervously.“You know the routine.In the kennel（狗窝）!”Following the command，the dog shut herself in.

The video quickly gathered a flood of comments.Since then，“dog shaming"has become popular on the internet，as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior.For instance，"I ate an extra large pizza，"admits a chocolate Lab.Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.

But according to a researcher at Barnard College，what we consider to

be a dog's guilty look is no sign of guilt at all.In a 2009 study，the

researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat，

and then asked the owners to leave the room.While each owner was gone，the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog.When the

owners returned，they were told—regardless of the truth—that their dogs either had or had not eaten it.If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong，blames followed，and guilty looks quickly emerged.

Yet dogs who hadn't eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had—so long as their owners scolded them.Far from signaling regret，one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper，the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience（顺从）to their owners.

What does“a chocolate Lab"in Paragraph 2 refer to?

In 2011，a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled"Guilty!”to YouTube.He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats.The first dog behaved calmly.But the second dog，Denver，sat shaking in a corner，her eyes looking down，which made Robert believe it was she who had done it.Seeing her"apparent admission of guilt，"he yelled at her，“You did this!”Denver beat her tail nervously.“You know the routine.In the kennel（狗窝）!”Following the command，the dog shut herself in.

The video quickly gathered a flood of comments.Since then，“dog shaming"has become popular on the internet，as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior.For instance，"I ate an extra large pizza，"admits a chocolate Lab.Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.

But according to a researcher at Barnard College，what we consider to

be a dog's guilty look is no sign of guilt at all.In a 2009 study，the

researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat，

and then asked the owners to leave the room.While each owner was gone，the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog.When the

owners returned，they were told—regardless of the truth—that their dogs either had or had not eaten it.If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong，blames followed，and guilty looks quickly emerged.

Yet dogs who hadn't eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had—so long as their owners scolded them.Far from signaling regret，one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper，the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience（顺从）to their owners.

Why do dogs wear a guilty look according to the researchers?

In the race to the moon，who came in first?

You might say the answer is Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，and

Michael Collins，the crew of Apollo 11.Or you could represent for the

crew of Apollo 10，which reached the moon in May1969 and then headed back to Earth without landing.

But there is a much stranger answer to this question，depending on

how much you care about humans and what your definition（定义）of

reaching the moon might be.Before any people arrived at the moon，

other animals had got there first.And unlike the dogs and monkeys that

were made famous in early space shots and Earth orbits，the first

creatures to reach the moon were a pair of tortoises，Discovery's Amy

Shira Teitel reminded us.

The Soviet spacecraft（航天器）sent the animals around the moon—although not into its orbit—during a mission in the middle of September，1968.The unmanned（无人驾驶的）craft then returned to Earth and dashed into the Indian Ocean，after which the Russians recovered the craft.

A month later，Soviet scientists revealed that the spacecraft had been a tiny ship，carrying the tortoises，wine flies，meal worms，plants，

seeds，bacteria，and other living matter.

The tortoises，as history records，lost about 10 percent of their body weight，but had a healthy appetite when they returned to Earth.In the following checkups comparing the animals to stay-at-home turtles used as a test control，"most things seemed normal，aside from some vaguely explained minor problems with the liver.

What this all means is that，as Teitel explained，"The first living beings to see an Earthrise from the Moon were Russian tortoises.However，as far as I can tell，the animals were not named.”

According to the passage，which of the following reached the moon first?

In the race to the moon，who came in first?

You might say the answer is Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，and

Michael Collins，the crew of Apollo 11.Or you could represent for the

crew of Apollo 10，which reached the moon in May1969 and then headed back to Earth without landing.

But there is a much stranger answer to this question，depending on

how much you care about humans and what your definition（定义）of

reaching the moon might be.Before any people arrived at the moon，

other animals had got there first.And unlike the dogs and monkeys that

were made famous in early space shots and Earth orbits，the first

creatures to reach the moon were a pair of tortoises，Discovery's Amy

Shira Teitel reminded us.

The Soviet spacecraft（航天器）sent the animals around the moon—although not into its orbit—during a mission in the middle of September，1968.The unmanned（无人驾驶的）craft then returned to Earth and dashed into the Indian Ocean，after which the Russians recovered the craft.

A month later，Soviet scientists revealed that the spacecraft had been a tiny ship，carrying the tortoises，wine flies，meal worms，plants，

seeds，bacteria，and other living matter.

The tortoises，as history records，lost about 10 percent of their body weight，but had a healthy appetite when they returned to Earth.In the following checkups comparing the animals to stay-at-home turtles used as a test control，"most things seemed normal，aside from some vaguely explained minor problems with the liver.

What this all means is that，as Teitel explained，"The first living beings to see an Earthrise from the Moon were Russian tortoises.However，as far as I can tell，the animals were not named.”

What happened to the Soviet spacecraft?

In the race to the moon，who came in first?

You might say the answer is Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，and

Michael Collins，the crew of Apollo 11.Or you could represent for the

crew of Apollo 10，which reached the moon in May1969 and then headed back to Earth without landing.

But there is a much stranger answer to this question，depending on

how much you care about humans and what your definition（定义）of

reaching the moon might be.Before any people arrived at the moon，

other animals had got there first.And unlike the dogs and monkeys that

were made famous in early space shots and Earth orbits，the first

creatures to reach the moon were a pair of tortoises，Discovery's Amy

Shira Teitel reminded us.

The Soviet spacecraft（航天器）sent the animals around the moon—although not into its orbit—during a mission in the middle of September，1968.The unmanned（无人驾驶的）craft then returned to Earth and dashed into the Indian Ocean，after which the Russians recovered the craft.

A month later，Soviet scientists revealed that the spacecraft had been a tiny ship，carrying the tortoises，wine flies，meal worms，plants，

seeds，bacteria，and other living matter.

The tortoises，as history records，lost about 10 percent of their body weight，but had a healthy appetite when they returned to Earth.In the following checkups comparing the animals to stay-at-home turtles used as a test control，"most things seemed normal，aside from some vaguely explained minor problems with the liver.

What this all means is that，as Teitel explained，"The first living beings to see an Earthrise from the Moon were Russian tortoises.However，as far as I can tell，the animals were not named.”

What was the biggest change in the tortoises in Paragraph 6?

In the race to the moon，who came in first?

You might say the answer is Neil Armstrong，Buzz Aldrin，and

Michael Collins，the crew of Apollo 11.Or you could represent for the

crew of Apollo 10，which reached the moon in May1969 and then headed back to Earth without landing.

But there is a much stranger answer to this question，depending on

how much you care about humans and what your definition（定义）of

reaching the moon might be.Before any people arrived at the moon，

other animals had got there first.And unlike the dogs and monkeys that

were made famous in early space shots and Earth orbits，the first

creatures to reach the moon were a pair of tortoises，Discovery's Amy

Shira Teitel reminded us.

The Soviet spacecraft（航天器）sent the animals around the moon—although not into its orbit—during a mission in the middle of September，1968.The unmanned（无人驾驶的）craft then returned to Earth and dashed into the Indian Ocean，after which the Russians recovered the craft.

A month later，Soviet scientists revealed that the spacecraft had been a tiny ship，carrying the tortoises，wine flies，meal worms，plants，

seeds，bacteria，and other living matter.

The tortoises，as history records，lost about 10 percent of their body weight，but had a healthy appetite when they returned to Earth.In the following checkups comparing the animals to stay-at-home turtles used as a test control，"most things seemed normal，aside from some vaguely explained minor problems with the liver.

What this all means is that，as Teitel explained，"The first living beings to see an Earthrise from the Moon were Russian tortoises.However，as far as I can tell，the animals were not named.”

What do Teitel's words in the last paragraph imply?

Vegans try to live，as much as possible，in a way that avoids exploiting and being cruel to animals.This means following a plant-based diet.Vegans do not eat animals or animal-based products like meat，fish，seafood，eggs，honey and dairy products such as cheese.For many vegans，living a committed vegan lifestyle means not wearing clothes made from animal skin sand avoiding any products which have been tested on animals.

Vegans argue that suffering is caused in the production of these foods.For example，they say that，on some dairy farms，male calves（小牛）are killed because they are too expensive to keep，and cows are killed when they get older and produce less milk.As for honey，vegans say that bees make honey for bee，not for humans，and that bees’health can suffer when humans take the honey from them.Vegans believe that the products they use and consume should be free from not just cruelty but any exploitation of animals.

The main reason for going vegan is probably that they believe

animals and all other sentient（有感知能力的）beings should have the

right to life and freedom.However，there are other reasons.Vegans

argue that the production of meat and other animal products is very bad

for the environment.They point out that a huge quantity of water is

needed to grow grain to feed animals in the meat industry.The

enormous amount of grain which the meat industry needs often leads to

forests being cut down and habitats（栖息地）being lost.In contrast，

much lower quantities of grain and water are needed to sustain a vegan

diet.In addition，many vegans say that all the nutritious elements our

bodies need are contained in a carefully planned vegan diet and that this

type of diet helps prevent some diseases.

What is a vegan in this passage?

Vegans try to live，as much as possible，in a way that avoids exploiting and being cruel to animals.This means following a plant-based diet.Vegans do not eat animals or animal-based products like meat，fish，seafood，eggs，honey and dairy products such as cheese.For many vegans，living a committed vegan lifestyle means not wearing clothes made from animal skin sand avoiding any products which have been tested on animals.

Vegans argue that suffering is caused in the production of these foods.For example，they say that，on some dairy farms，male calves（小牛）are killed because they are too expensive to keep，and cows are killed when they get older and produce less milk.As for honey，vegans say that bees make honey for bee，not for humans，and that bees’health can suffer when humans take the honey from them.Vegans believe that the products they use and consume should be free from not just cruelty but any exploitation of animals.

The main reason for going vegan is probably that they believe

animals and all other sentient（有感知能力的）beings should have the

right to life and freedom.However，there are other reasons.Vegans

argue that the production of meat and other animal products is very bad

for the environment.They point out that a huge quantity of water is

needed to grow grain to feed animals in the meat industry.The

enormous amount of grain which the meat industry needs often leads to

forests being cut down and habitats（栖息地）being lost.In contrast，

much lower quantities of grain and water are needed to sustain a vegan

diet.In addition，many vegans say that all the nutritious elements our

bodies need are contained in a carefully planned vegan diet and that this

type of diet helps prevent some diseases.

Which of the following could be found in a vegan's diet?

Vegans try to live，as much as possible，in a way that avoids exploiting and being cruel to animals.This means following a plant-based diet.Vegans do not eat animals or animal-based products like meat，fish，seafood，eggs，honey and dairy products such as cheese.For many vegans，living a committed vegan lifestyle means not wearing clothes made from animal skin sand avoiding any products which have been tested on animals.

Vegans argue that suffering is caused in the production of these foods.For example，they say that，on some dairy farms，male calves（小牛）are killed because they are too expensive to keep，and cows are killed when they get older and produce less milk.As for honey，vegans say that bees make honey for bee，not for humans，and that bees’health can suffer when humans take the honey from them.Vegans believe that the products they use and consume should be free from not just cruelty but any exploitation of animals.

The main reason for going vegan is probably that they believe

animals and all other sentient（有感知能力的）beings should have the

right to life and freedom.However，there are other reasons.Vegans

argue that the production of meat and other animal products is very bad

for the environment.They point out that a huge quantity of water is

needed to grow grain to feed animals in the meat industry.The

enormous amount of grain which the meat industry needs often leads to

forests being cut down and habitats（栖息地）being lost.In contrast，

much lower quantities of grain and water are needed to sustain a vegan

diet.In addition，many vegans say that all the nutritious elements our

bodies need are contained in a carefully planned vegan diet and that this

type of diet helps prevent some diseases.

What belief do vegans hold?

Vegans try to live，as much as possible，in a way that avoids exploiting and being cruel to animals.This means following a plant-based diet.Vegans do not eat animals or animal-based products like meat，fish，seafood，eggs，honey and dairy products such as cheese.For many vegans，living a committed vegan lifestyle means not wearing clothes made from animal skin sand avoiding any products which have been tested on animals.

Vegans argue that suffering is caused in the production of these foods.For example，they say that，on some dairy farms，male calves（小牛）are killed because they are too expensive to keep，and cows are killed when they get older and produce less milk.As for honey，vegans say that bees make honey for bee，not for humans，and that bees’health can suffer when humans take the honey from them.Vegans believe that the products they use and consume should be free from not just cruelty but any exploitation of animals.

The main reason for going vegan is probably that they believe

animals and all other sentient（有感知能力的）beings should have the

right to life and freedom.However，there are other reasons.Vegans

argue that the production of meat and other animal products is very bad

for the environment.They point out that a huge quantity of water is

needed to grow grain to feed animals in the meat industry.The

enormous amount of grain which the meat industry needs often leads to

forests being cut down and habitats（栖息地）being lost.In contrast，

much lower quantities of grain and water are needed to sustain a vegan

diet.In addition，many vegans say that all the nutritious elements our

bodies need are contained in a carefully planned vegan diet and that this

type of diet helps prevent some diseases.

What does the author want to imply in this passage?

There are many interesting news items in BP’s（英国石油公司）annual Energy Outlook just published.

But perhaps the most astonishing suggestion in the report is the idea that cutting back on plastic use could make matters worse.This might be what you would expect BP to say.After all，as one of the world's biggest oil companies，it makes a lot of money from selling products in plastic.But let's look at the thinking behind BP's argument.

If the current opposing idea about the use of plastic continues，there could be a worldwide ban on single-use plastics by 2040.But the document argues that switching plastic for other materials will have a bigger cost in terms of energy and carbon emissions（排放）.That sounds like the law of unintended（非故意的）consequences in action.When plastic bags are measured against paper or cotton substitutes，a BBC analysis found there wasn't a great deal of difference in their environmental impact.Paper bags require fewer reuses to make them more environmentally friendly than single-use plastic bags，which means customers have to replace paper bags more frequently.

Environmentalists，though，are not entirely convinced.They think that BP is stressing the problem of banning plastic for its own interest.“While it's true that it takes less energy to produce and transport plastic than glass，a glass bottle can be reused dozens of times and is recyclable.Plus，materials like glass when they escape collection don't go on polluting our oceans and rivers for hundreds of years，"said Louise Edge，from Greenpeace UK.

Steps to encourage recycling are being taken.The UK，for example，will introduce a new tax on the manufacture and import of plastic packaging in 2022.

There are also lots of developments taking place with alternative materials.These may be the final defense against the unintended consequences of plastic bans.

What is astonishing about BP's annual report?

There are many interesting news items in BP’s（英国石油公司）annual Energy Outlook just published.

But perhaps the most astonishing suggestion in the report is the idea that cutting back on plastic use could make matters worse.This might be what you would expect BP to say.After all，as one of the world's biggest oil companies，it makes a lot of money from selling products in plastic.But let's look at the thinking behind BP's argument.

If the current opposing idea about the use of plastic continues，there could be a worldwide ban on single-use plastics by 2040.But the document argues that switching plastic for other materials will have a bigger cost in terms of energy and carbon emissions（排放）.That sounds like the law of unintended（非故意的）consequences in action.When plastic bags are measured against paper or cotton substitutes，a BBC analysis found there wasn't a great deal of difference in their environmental impact.Paper bags require fewer reuses to make them more environmentally friendly than single-use plastic bags，which means customers have to replace paper bags more frequently.

Environmentalists，though，are not entirely convinced.They think that BP is stressing the problem of banning plastic for its own interest.“While it's true that it takes less energy to produce and transport plastic than glass，a glass bottle can be reused dozens of times and is recyclable.Plus，materials like glass when they escape collection don't go on polluting our oceans and rivers for hundreds of years，"said Louise Edge，from Greenpeace UK.

Steps to encourage recycling are being taken.The UK，for example，will introduce a new tax on the manufacture and import of plastic packaging in 2022.

There are also lots of developments taking place with alternative materials.These may be the final defense against the unintended consequences of plastic bans.

Which of the following could be banned worldwide by 2040?

There are many interesting news items in BP’s（英国石油公司）annual Energy Outlook just published.

But perhaps the most astonishing suggestion in the report is the idea that cutting back on plastic use could make matters worse.This might be what you would expect BP to say.After all，as one of the world's biggest oil companies，it makes a lot of money from selling products in plastic.But let's look at the thinking behind BP's argument.

If the current opposing idea about the use of plastic continues，there could be a worldwide ban on single-use plastics by 2040.But the document argues that switching plastic for other materials will have a bigger cost in terms of energy and carbon emissions（排放）.That sounds like the law of unintended（非故意的）consequences in action.When plastic bags are measured against paper or cotton substitutes，a BBC analysis found there wasn't a great deal of difference in their environmental impact.Paper bags require fewer reuses to make them more environmentally friendly than single-use plastic bags，which means customers have to replace paper bags more frequently.

Environmentalists，though，are not entirely convinced.They think that BP is stressing the problem of banning plastic for its own interest.“While it's true that it takes less energy to produce and transport plastic than glass，a glass bottle can be reused dozens of times and is recyclable.Plus，materials like glass when they escape collection don't go on polluting our oceans and rivers for hundreds of years，"said Louise Edge，from Greenpeace UK.

Steps to encourage recycling are being taken.The UK，for example，will introduce a new tax on the manufacture and import of plastic packaging in 2022.

There are also lots of developments taking place with alternative materials.These may be the final defense against the unintended consequences of plastic bans.

According to environmentalists，what causes BP to oppose banning plastics?

There are many interesting news items in BP’s（英国石油公司）annual Energy Outlook just published.

But perhaps the most astonishing suggestion in the report is the idea that cutting back on plastic use could make matters worse.This might be what you would expect BP to say.After all，as one of the world's biggest oil companies，it makes a lot of money from selling products in plastic.But let's look at the thinking behind BP's argument.

If the current opposing idea about the use of plastic continues，there could be a worldwide ban on single-use plastics by 2040.But the document argues that switching plastic for other materials will have a bigger cost in terms of energy and carbon emissions（排放）.That sounds like the law of unintended（非故意的）consequences in action.When plastic bags are measured against paper or cotton substitutes，a BBC analysis found there wasn't a great deal of difference in their environmental impact.Paper bags require fewer reuses to make them more environmentally friendly than single-use plastic bags，which means customers have to replace paper bags more frequently.

Environmentalists，though，are not entirely convinced.They think that BP is stressing the problem of banning plastic for its own interest.“While it's true that it takes less energy to produce and transport plastic than glass，a glass bottle can be reused dozens of times and is recyclable.Plus，materials like glass when they escape collection don't go on polluting our oceans and rivers for hundreds of years，"said Louise Edge，from Greenpeace UK.

Steps to encourage recycling are being taken.The UK，for example，will introduce a new tax on the manufacture and import of plastic packaging in 2022.

There are also lots of developments taking place with alternative materials.These may be the final defense against the unintended consequences of plastic bans.

What measure is being taken by the UK to cut back on the use of plastics?

Alice:Hi,Sam!It's nice to see you here.

Sam:Hi,Alice!

Alice:（56）

Sam:To my dorm.

Alice:Great!Could you take this book to Peter?

Sam:（57）Does Peter know what it is for?

Alice:Yes.（58）

Sam:（59）Are you well prepared for it?

Alice:（60）See you tomorrow!

Sam:See you!

A.How about your presentation?

B.He needs it for tomorrow's presentation.

C．l think so.

D．Where are you heading?

E．You are welcome.

F．No problem!

G．What can I do for you?

H．No，thanks!

第（56）题选

Alice:Hi,Sam!It's nice to see you here.

Sam:Hi,Alice!

Alice:（56）

Sam:To my dorm.

Alice:Great!Could you take this book to Peter?

Sam:（57）Does Peter know what it is for?

Alice:Yes.（58）

Sam:（59）Are you well prepared for it?

Alice:（60）See you tomorrow!

Sam:See you!

A.How about your presentation?

B.He needs it for tomorrow's presentation.

C．l think so.

D．Where are you heading?

E．You are welcome.

F．No problem!

G．What can I do for you?

H．No，thanks!

第（57）题选

Alice:Hi,Sam!It's nice to see you here.

Sam:Hi,Alice!

Alice:（56）

Sam:To my dorm.

Alice:Great!Could you take this book to Peter?

Sam:（57）Does Peter know what it is for?

Alice:Yes.（58）

Sam:（59）Are you well prepared for it?

Alice:（60）See you tomorrow!

Sam:See you!

A.How about your presentation?

B.He needs it for tomorrow's presentation.

C．l think so.

D．Where are you heading?

E．You are welcome.

F．No problem!

G．What can I do for you?

H．No，thanks!

第（58）题选

Alice:Hi,Sam!It's nice to see you here.

Sam:Hi,Alice!

Alice:（56）

Sam:To my dorm.

Alice:Great!Could you take this book to Peter?

Sam:（57）Does Peter know what it is for?

Alice:Yes.（58）

Sam:（59）Are you well prepared for it?

Alice:（60）See you tomorrow!

Sam:See you!

A.How about your presentation?

B.He needs it for tomorrow's presentation.

C．l think so.

D．Where are you heading?

E．You are welcome.

F．No problem!

G．What can I do for you?

H．No，thanks!

第（59）题选

Alice:Hi,Sam!It's nice to see you here.

Sam:Hi,Alice!

Alice:（56）

Sam:To my dorm.

Alice:Great!Could you take this book to Peter?

Sam:（57）Does Peter know what it is for?

Alice:Yes.（58）

Sam:（59）Are you well prepared for it?

Alice:（60）See you tomorrow!

Sam:See you!

A.How about your presentation?

B.He needs it for tomorrow's presentation.

C．l think so.

D．Where are you heading?

E．You are welcome.

F．No problem!

G．What can I do for you?

H．No，thanks!

第（60）题选

你（Li Yuan）收到美国朋友Thomas的e-mail，他提及要来中国留学的想法。请给他回一封e-mail，内容包括：

·欢迎他来中国留学；

·推荐一所学校；

·介绍该学校所在的城市；

·表达为他提供帮助的意愿。

写作评分标准