题目详情

如图为某类突触的信号传递示意图,这类突触中特定的神经递质一多巴胺的释放,会刺激大脑中的“奖赏”中枢,使人产生愉悦感,过后多巴胺会被转运载体转运回细胞。

请据图分析回答:

中学教师招聘,押题密卷,2021年教师招聘考试《中学生物》考前押题3

(1)图中①是__________,其中的多巴胺是从__________通过__________方式释放到突触间隙中。

(2)当多巴胺与__________结合,能使突触后膜兴奋,后膜电位变为__________。

(3)可卡因是一种神经类毒品,由图可知,其进入突触间隙后会影响__________过程,使突触后神经元__________,导致大脑“奖赏”中枢获得愉悦感,最终造成人对可卡因产生依赖的不良后果。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)突触小泡;突触前膜;胞吐。

(2)(特异性)受体;外负内正。

(3)多巴胺转运回细胞(多巴胺的回收);持续兴奋。

解析:突触结构包括突触前膜、突触间隙和突触后膜;神经递质由突触前膜释放作用于突触后膜,使得下一个神经元兴奋或者抑制。

(1)图中的①是突触小泡,形成与高尔基体有关,当神经末梢有神经冲动传来时,突触前膜的突触小泡受到刺激,与突触前膜融合,以胞吐的方式释放神经递质,体现细胞膜的流动性。

(2)神经递质扩散通过突触间隙,与突触后膜上特异性的受体结合,使得突触后膜上电位变成外负内正,引起下一个神经元兴奋。

(3)据图分析,可卡因在突触间隙中,使得多巴胺转运回细胞,而没有分解失去活性,使得神经元持续兴奋。

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