题目详情

葡萄既可房前屋后栽种,又可大田种植;生食可口开胃、营养丰富。又可深加工,有较高的经济价值,深受人们喜爱。幼苗可购买。也可选择性状优良的葡萄在枝条适当的位置作环剥处理.再用肥沃疏松的土壤覆盖。约一个月后环剥处开始生根,即可从母枝上剪断,移栽入含腐殖质较高、土质疏松的沙土壤中,就可长成一棵新的植株。

(1)上述繁殖葡萄的方法叫作_____,与扦插相比它更易成活;与利用种子繁殖相比,这种繁殖方式的优点体现在(2)当土壤板结时要及时松土,这主要是为了_____;必须让葡萄枝条沿葡萄架生长的目的是_____。

(3)葡萄果实的丰富汁液,主要存在于果肉细胞的_____中;利用酵母菌的发酵作用酿造葡萄酒的过程中,除了需要在密闭环境进行外,还必须保持_____。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)压条;能够保持亲本的优良性状

(2)满足根部对氧气的需要;使葡萄植株顺利生长结果

(3)液泡;适宜的温度

(1)压条是将植物的枝、蔓压埋于湿润的基质中,待其生根后与母株割离,形成新植株的方法。因此题目中繁殖葡萄的方法是压条.与扦插相比它更易成活。与利用种子繁殖相比,这种繁殖方式的优点是能够保留母本的优良性状.加快繁殖的速度。

(2)植物的根进行呼吸作用时需要空气中的氧气。土壤板结,土壤中的氧气减少,不利于根的呼吸;土壤板结时要松土.这主要是为了满足根部对氧气的需要。有利于促进根的呼吸,促进根的生长。葡萄架可以支撑葡萄枝条,有利于枝叶的呼吸和光合作用等.同时葡萄果实重量很大,单靠枝条难以承受,因此还需要葡萄架承受部分重量。

(3)液泡中含有细胞液,有各种味道的物质以及营养物质,因此葡萄果实的丰富汁液,主要存在于果肉细胞的液泡中,酵母菌在无氧的条件下.能分解葡萄糖产生酒精和二氧化碳。因此葡萄酒的酿造离不开酵母菌的发酵作用,这种发酵作用要在无氧条件下才能进行,并且还需要保持适宜的温度。

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