简述对《普通高中地理课程标准(实验)》中“地理学习评价要注重评价形式的多样化和针对性”这一评价建议的理解。(提示：从现实意义和评价方式等方面思考)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
地理评价形式的多样化具有现实意义。由于课程目标(知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观)不同，学生的学习心理、学习方式特点不同，各种评价方式的适用范围不同，因此要求采取多种评价方式。地理学习评价形式，有的适用于评价学生地理知识与技能的达标程度，有的适用于评价学生在教学过程中的表现，有的则在评价学生情感态度和价值观的表现与发展状况等方面有独到价值。地理教师要从实际出发，选择和运用恰当的评价方式，以增强评价的针对性，发挥各种评价方式的优势，克服其局限性。
地理学习评价除了书面测验、口头表达、作业、小论文写作、绘制地理图表并分析等常用评价方式外，还要注意通过观察学生在讨论、实地观测、探究等活动中的表现来评价学生。要重视学生的自评和互评。评价结果建议采用评语和等级评价相结合的方式。
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