阅读材料，完成下列问题。
材料一墨克高铁(墨西哥城一克雷塔罗)是墨西哥迄今最大的基础设施项目，该铁路设计300千米／小时，采用电气化双线有砟轨道，计划建设工期40个月，投资金额约44亿美元。
材料二左下图为墨克高铁位置图，右下图为墨西哥及其周边地区降水量分布图。
(1)根据图中信息估算墨克高铁的路程长度约为__________千米。
(2)归纳墨西哥降水分布规律，并分析原因。
(3)墨西哥中北部的农业地域类型主要为旱作农业，东南部沿海主要为热带种植园农业。
从地形和气候角度，分析这种农业地域类型格局的成因。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)210千米(200～250千米均可以看作正确答案)。 (2)东南部向西北部递减。原因：东南部地区终年受赤道低压影响，降水最为丰富；东北信风从海洋带来水汽较多，在东南部受地形抬升多地形雨；东南沿岸受暖流影响降水多。西北部地区多受副高影响，盛行下沉气流降水少；受沿岸山脉阻挡，水汽难以进入；西岸受加利福尼亚寒流的影响，减湿明显。
(3)中北部以高原地形为主，降水较少，因此以旱作农业为主；东南部沿海为平原地带，气候湿热，适宜发展热带种植园农业。
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