阅读图文资料。完成下列要求。
材料一:入春后,地面净辐射(地面吸收与射出辐射的差额)为正值,地面温度升高,一定深度内能量从地面向地下传递;入秋后,地面净辐射为负值,地面温度下降,能量由地下向地面传递,不同季节地温随深度变化情况不同。下图示意我国某地形区一监测点(年平均气温为-5.3℃)监测的3月和9月地温随深度的变化。

材料二:冻胀丘是由于土中水分冻结所造成的地表局部隆起现象,有季节冻胀丘和常年冻胀丘之分,由冻结层上水补给水的,一般形成一年生冻胀丘,由深部冻结层下水补给形成的为多年生冻胀丘。青藏公路62道班的冻胀丘,是多年生冻胀丘的典型代表,也是我国已知最大的冰丘,它高大罕见,在学术界享有盛名。
(1)根据材料一,预测该地冬季和夏季地温差值最大的深度。并说明理由。(3分)
(2)图中a、b两线中代表3月的是哪个,并说明理由。(3分)
(3)分析该地多年冻土层分布的深度及其原因。(3分)
(4)说明冻胀丘对交通线路的危害并提出解决措施。(4分)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)该地冬季和夏季地温差值最大的深度为0m。原因:地表受太阳辐射变化影响最大。冬季太阳辐射弱.地表降温快,温度低,在一定深度内地温向下增加;夏季太阳辐射强,地表升温快,温度高,在一定深度内地温向下降低。所以,冬季和夏季地温差值最大处应为地表。 (2)b代表3月。原因:3月地表温度回升,但地下温度还较低,能量向下传递。
(3)分布深度在4m以下。原因:a表示9月份地温的分布,此时地下热量全年积累最多并开始减少,此时4m深度以下温度在0℃以下,所以多年冻土层在地表4m以下。
(4)冻胀丘体积的季节变化会导致路基不稳定,破坏路基和交通线,影响交通线路的安全性。解决措施:采取散热技术,修建高架桥,桥墩打入岩石内部.
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