根据下面资料,回答题
案例一蔡斯和西蒙(Chase&Simon,1973)对象棋大师、一级棋手和业余新手对棋局的记忆能力进行了研究,给他们5秒时间观看一局对弈国际象棋棋盘布局。5秒后,把棋盘盖上,要求每位参与者尝试在另一棋盘上复现棋子的位置,这一过程尝试多次直到每个人都得到满意的效果为止。第一次实验中,象棋大师的记忆准确性为64%,一级棋手为34%,业余新手只有18%。当棋子布局随机打乱呈现5秒时,象棋大师和一级棋手的回忆能力与业余新手的能力是一样的——只能复位2~3步棋。
案例二在另一项研究中,要求专家与新手解决代数应用题,如“把一块木板锯成两小块,其中一小块的长度是整块的三分之二,但比另一小块短四英尺,问木板锯开前的长度是多少 ”专家立刻意识到所描述的问题在逻辑上是不可能的。尽管有些新手也能意识到这一点,但是其他新手只能运用公式计算,结果得出一个负长度的答案(负数)。
案例一中象棋大师复现真实棋局的能力高于业余新手的原因有( )查看材料
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