良好态度与品德常用的培养方法主要有哪些
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
教师可以综合应用一些方法来帮助学生形成或改变态度和品德。常用而有效的方法有说服、榜样示范、群体约定、价值辨析、奖励与惩罚等。
(1)有效的说服。教师可以有效地利用正反论据，教师经常应用言语来说服学生改变态度，在说服的过程中，教师要向学生提供某些证据或信息，以支持或改变学生的态度。同时教师还要发挥情感的作用，教师的说服不仅要以理服人，还要以情动人。教师进行说服时，还应考虑学生原有的态度，应以学生原有的态度为基础，逐步提高要求。
(2)树立良好的榜样。班杜拉的社会学习理论以及大量的实践经验都证明，社会学习是通过观察、模仿而完成的，态度与品德作为社会学习的一项内容，也可以通过观察、模仿榜样的行为而习得。榜样的特点、示范的形式及榜样所示范行为的性质和后果都会影响到观察学习的效果。
(3)利用群体约定。由于群体约定的约束力和群体压力的存在，教师可以利用集体讨论后作出集体约定的方法，来改变学生的态度。
(4)价值辨析。引导个体利用理性思维和情绪体验来检查自己的行为模式，努力去发现自身的价值观并指导自己的道德行动。
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