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人力资本

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

人力资本是与物力资本相对应的概念,指凝聚在劳动者身上的知识、技能及表现出来的能力。这种能力是生产增长的主要因素。它是具有经济价值的一种资本。这个概念最早由美国的沃尔什提出,美国经济学家舒尔茨首先给予阐释。其主要特点在于它与人身自由联系在一起,不随产品的出卖而转移,其形成和效能的发挥与人的生命周期紧紧联系在一起,因此人的年龄及其变化对人力资本具有决定性影响。此外,人力资本还受到人的体力、精力、和生命年限等自然条件以及承载者个人爱好的约束,是一种含义广泛的社会资源。人力资本是通过人力投资形成,主要包括:

①用于教育的支出;②用于卫生保健的支出;③用于劳动力国内流动的支出;④用于移民入境的支出。其中最重要的是教育支出,教育支出形成教育资本。通过教育可以提高劳动力的质量、劳动者的工作能力和技术水平,从而提高劳动生产率。

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