青少年心理发展的阶段特征有哪些?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[答案要点](1)少年期：11、12岁到14、15岁，是个体从童年期向青年期过渡的时期，大致相当于初中阶段，具有半成熟、半幼稚的特点。整个少年期充满着独立性和依赖性、自觉性和幼稚性错综的矛盾。少年的抽象逻辑已占主导地位，并出现反思思维，但抽象思维在一定程度上仍要以具体形象作支柱。同时，思维的独立性和批判性也有所发展，但仍带有不少片面性和主观性。少年心理活动的随意性显著增长，可长时间集中精力学习，能随意调节自己的行动。随着身体的急剧变化，他们产生成人感，独立意识强烈，开始关心自己和别人的内心世界，同龄人间的交往和认可大大增强，社会高级情感迅速发展。道德行为更加自觉，能通过具体的事实概括出一般伦理性原则，并以此来指导自己的行为。但因自我控制力不强，常出现前后自相矛盾的行为。
(2)青年初期：14、15岁到17、18岁，相当于高中阶段。这一时期是个体在生理上、心理上和社会性方面向成人接近的时期。他们的智力接近成熟，抽象逻辑思维已从“经验型”向“理论型”转化，开始出现辩证思维。占主要地位的情感是与人生观相联系的情感，道德感、理智感与美感都有了深刻的发展，他们不仅能比较客观地看待自我，而且能明确地表现自我，敏感地防卫自我，并珍重自我，形成了理智的自我意识，然而，理想的自我与现实的自我仍面临着分裂的危机，自我肯定与自我否定常发生冲突。他们对未来充满理想，敢说敢干，意志的坚强性与行动的自觉性有了较大的发展，但同时也会出现与生活相脱节的幻想。
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