题目详情

在教育起源的认识上,教育学史上有哪几种经典的观点?()

正确答案及解析

正确答案
A、B、C、D
解析

教育的神话起源说(宗教观点)是人类关于教育起源的最古老的观点,该观点认为教育与其他万事万物一样,都是由神(上帝或天)创造的,教育的目的是体现神或天的意志,使人皈依于神或顺从于天。这种观点是不科学的,是错误的。教育的生物起源说是教育史上第一个正式提出有关教育起源的学说,也是较早地把教育起源问题作为学术问题提出来的学说,该学说的代表人物是法国社会学家、哲学家勒图尔诺和英国教育家沛西·能。其主要观点是:教育不仅存在于人类社会之中,而且存在于人类社会之外,甚至存在于动物界;人类社会教育的产生是一个生物学的过程,生物的冲动是教育的主要动力,人类社会的教育是对动物界教育的继承、改善和发展。教育心理起源说是在对教育生物起源说批判的基础上产生的,该学说的代表人物是美国著名教育史学家孟禄。其主要观点是:原始教育产生于日常生活中儿童对成人的无意识的模仿,而这种无意识的模仿不是习得性的,而是遗传性的。教育劳动(社会)起源说是在批判生物起源说和心理起源说的基础上,在马克思主义历史唯物主义的理论指导下形成的,它是对恩格斯“劳动创造了人本身”这一著名论断的直接运用。该学说是马克思主义的历史唯物论与辩证法,从而为科学、合理地揭示教育起源问题奠定了基础。教育劳动起源说的主要代表人物是苏联米丁斯基、凯洛夫等教育史学家和教育学家以及我国的教育史学家和教育学家。

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