一幼儿回答教师问题，6根香蕉，两个人分，要分一样多，每人分3根，但幼儿却答不出“3+3”等于几?
(1)该幼儿思维发展处于什么阶段?有什么特点?结合材料分析。
(2)幼儿思维发展趋势是什么?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
根据皮亚杰的认知发展理论，该幼儿的思维发展处于前运算阶段。这是皮亚杰关于儿童智力发展的第二个阶段，年龄大约从2岁到7岁。此阶段儿童认识活动的特点是：①相对的具体性。只能借助于表象进行思维活动，不能进行运算思维。②不可逆性。各种关系是单向的、不可返回的，没有守恒结构。③自我中心性。只能从自己的角度理解
事物。④刻板性。在思考问题时，只能注意到某一方面，不能顾及其他。⑤缺乏概括事物性
质的层次性。材料中，该J乙童知道6根香蕉分给两个人，要求两个人一样多，每个人可以分得3根，却不知道3+3等于多少，正是思维不可逆的体现。
(2)[参考答案]学前儿童思维发展的一般趋势表现为：
①从概括的性质的演变来看，一般认为是从动作的概括向表象概括发展，再向概念概括发展。
②从反映的内容的演变来看，是从反映事物的外部联系、现象到反映事物的内在联系、本质发展；从反映当前事物到反映未来事物的发展。
③从思维发展的方式看，儿童的思维最初是直观的，然后出现具体形象的，最后发展到抽象逻辑思维。
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