当启用VTP修剪功能后，如果交换端口中加入一个新的VLAN，则立即( )。
- A.剪断与周边交换机的连接
- B.把新的VLAN中的数据发送给周边交换机
- C.向周边交换机发送VTP连接报文
- D.要求周边交换机建立同样的VLAN
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
VLAN中继协议(VLAN Trunking Protocol，VTP)用于在交换网络中简化VLAN的管。VTP协议在交换网络中建立了多个管理域，同一管理域中的所有交换机共享VLAN信息。一台交换机只能参加一个管理域，不同管理域中的交换机不共享VLAN信息。通过VTP协议，可以在一台交换机上配置所有的VLAN，配置信息通过VTR报文可以传播到管理域中的所有交换机。在默认情况下，所有交换机通过中继链路连接在一起，如果VLAN中的任何设备发出一个广播包、组播包、或者一个未知的单播数据包，交换机都会将其洪泛(flood)到所有与源VLAN端口相关的各个输出端口上(包括中继端口)。在很多情况下，这种洪泛转发是必要的，特别是在VLAN跨越多个交换机的情况下。然而，如果相邻的交换机上不存在源VLAN的活动端口，则这种洪泛发送的数据包是无用的。为了解决这个问题，可以使用静态或动态修剪的方法。所谓静态修剪，就是手工剪掉中继链路上不活动的VLAN，在多个交换机组成多个VLAN的网络中，这种工作方式很容易出错，容易出现连接问题。
VTP动态修剪允许交换机之间共享VLAN信息，也允许交换机从中继连接上动态地剪掉不活动的VLAN，使得所有共享的VLAN都是活动的。例如，交换机A告诉交换机B，它有两个活动的VLANl和VLAN2，而交换机B告诉交换机A，它只有一个活动的VLANl，于是，它们就共享这样的事实：VLAN 2在它们之间的中继链路上是不活动的，应该从中继链路的配置中剪掉。这样做的好处是显而易见的，如果在交换机B上添加了VLAN 2的成员，交换机B就会通知交换机A，它有了一个新的活动的VLAN 2，于是，两个交换机动态地把VLAN 2添加到它们之间的中继链路配置中。
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