某日,张女士乘坐一辆无人售票公交车去上班。当时车上很拥挤,张女士只好站在门口的台阶上。当汽车驶离车站约20米处时,驾驶员甲见有乘客招手要上车,在未提醒张女士注意的情况下打开了车门。张女士为避免被甩出车外,情急之下抓住了站在她身边的乘客乙,致使乙肩上的背包滑落,包中的数码相机摔坏。乙要求张女士赔偿。张女士认为,损失是由于驾驶员甲的过错引起的,应由甲来赔偿。问:
(1)张女士的行为是否构成紧急避险为什么
(2)乘客乙的损失应该由谁来赔偿为什么
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
【答案要点】(1)构成紧急避险。理由:紧急避险是指为了防止公共利益、本人或者他人的合法权益免受正在发生的危险,不得已而采取的损害较小利益的行为。本案中,张女士为了避免自己的合法人身、财产利益不受损害,面对正在发生的危险,迫不得已采取了相应措施,侵害了乘客乙的较小利益,构成紧急避险。 (2)应当由驾驶员甲所在的公交公司来承担赔偿责任。理由:依据我国法律规定,因紧急避险造成损害的,由引起险情发生的人承担民事责任:企业法人对他的法定代表人和其他工作人员的经营活动承担责任。本案中,险情系由驾驶员甲的行为引起。所以,应当由驾驶员甲所在的公交公司来承担赔偿责任。
【解析】本题属于案例综合分析题,考核的知识点是职务侵权行为及其责任。
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