结合作品论述艺术作品的层次。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
艺术作品分为艺术语言、艺术形象和艺术意蕴三个层次。
(1)艺术语言是创作主体在特定艺术种类的创作活动中,运用独特的物质材料和媒介。按照审美法则,进行艺术表现的手段和方式。艺术语言是各门类艺术创造的媒介和形式的总称。艺术语言又可具体划分为文学语言、音乐语言、绘画语言和视听语言等。艺术语言具有多样性和丰富性,并在艺术发展中不断变化和革新。
(2)艺术形象是艺术反映社会生活的特殊方式,是通过审美主体与审美客体的相互交融.并由主体创作出来的艺术成果。艺术形象既包括鲜明生动的人物,也包括其他富有审美特征的情境、意象和意境。
(3)艺术意蕴是指在艺术作品中蕴含的深层的人生哲理、诗情画意或精神内涵,它是艺术主体对于艺术典型或意境深刻领悟和创造的结果。艺术意蕴具有多义性、不确定性和深刻性。艺术意蕴是衡量艺术作品境界高低的重要尺度。下面结合达芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》来阐述艺术作品的三个层次。首先,达芬奇采用了狭长的画面构图,因为是壁画,画面面积很大,富于视觉冲击力。为了便于充分展现人物面部,画家把13个人物安排在长桌的一侧,形成以耶稣为中心的对称构图,又因为空间关系的还原,耶稣恰好处于透视的中心,视觉效果非常稳定。作品色彩浓重,光线偏暗,给人严肃庄重的心理感受。其次,画家在大量观察和积累的基础上,把自己对传说人物的理解和想象以及感情等具体化,用细腻的工笔塑造了13个宗教传说中的人物形象,每个人都带有传说中所描述的那种身份背景和精神气质,同时又是新创造出来的鲜活形象,不同于前人笔下。这些形象的姿态、表情、动作等令人叹服地还原了传说中那个特定的戏剧性时刻,共同营造出惊心动魄的情景氛围最后,由于艺术语言使用得出神入化和形象塑造得栩栩如生,整幅画作充分传达了宗教的精
神。稳定的构图,静穆的中心人物,显现了耶稣的坚定、无畏和悲天悯人,象征着基督的牺牲精神和崇高情怀。即使不了解基督教的传说和教义,欣赏者仍然能够被作品中的形象所吸引和打动,进一步可以感受到悲剧意识和崇高情怀,这也正是画作丰富意蕴的表现。
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