题目详情

阅读《蜀相》一诗,回答下列问题:

丞相祠堂何处寻 锦官城外柏森森。映阶碧草自春色,隔叶黄鹂空好音。三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心。出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟!

(1)在这首诗中,作者是如何高度概括诸葛亮一生的

(2)为什么说这首诗在赞美诸葛亮的同时也抒发了自己的感慨

(3)这首诗主要的艺术特点是什么

(4)以本诗为例,说明律诗对仗的特点。

(5)如何理解“三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心”两句

(6)如何理解“出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟”两句

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)这首诗的三联和四联的第一句,概括了诸葛亮一生开国济世的功绩、忠心为国的精神以及功败垂成的悲剧。“三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心”,说蜀先主刘备曾三顾茅庐,向诸葛亮请教平定天下的大计,诸葛亮出山后,尽心辅佐先主和后主两朝君主,鞠躬尽瘁。“出师未捷身先死”,说诸葛亮出师北伐,统一天下,大业未成,就死于军中。 (2)杜甫在年轻时就怀有“致君尧舜”的志向,本来想辅佐明主,但一直没有实现这一理想。安史之乱时,他曾一度在皇帝身边工作,但后来因党争被贬出朝廷,漂泊西南,志向越发难以实现。所以当他回顾诸葛亮的悲剧时,也是在慨叹自己未能实现远大的抱负。

(3)这首诗突出的特点是将写景、叙事、抒情和议论融为一体。诗的前两联分别描写了诸葛亮祠堂的远景和近景,但写景当中也包含了抒情,“自春色”“空好音”,含物是人非之感。三联两句,四联的前一句,既是追述诸葛亮一生的功绩,也是对其一生的评价,融叙述、议论为一体。末尾两句直接抒情。多种手段的综合运用,使诗中丰富而深刻的内涵得到充分的表达。

(4)这是一首七言律诗,按声律的要求,中间两联必须对仗,也就是说一联的前后句之间必须词性相同,平仄相异。这首诗也不例外,如第二联“映阶”对“隔叶”,以动宾结构的名词相对,“阶”为平声,“叶”为仄声。“碧草”对“黄鹂”,是名词相对,“草”为仄声,“鹂”为平声。再如第三联以“三顾”对“两朝”,二词前一个字都是数字,以“频烦”对“开济”,二词均为动词,且都平仄正好相反。

(5)这两句概括了诸葛亮一生的功绩和忠心为国的精神。蜀先主刘备曾三顾茅庐,向诸葛亮请教平定天下的大计,诸葛亮出山后,尽心辅佐先主和后主两朝君主,鞠躬尽瘁。

(6)这两句慨叹诸葛亮出师北伐,统一天下,大业未成,就死于军中,这一悲剧引起了后来无数英雄的共鸣,其中也包括杜甫本人。诗人在国家动荡之际,却离开朝廷,失去了有所作为的机会,与诸葛亮有同样的心境。这两句对诸葛亮悲剧的感叹,极富概括力。?

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