题目详情

某公司计划使用路由器作为DHCP Server,其网络拓扑结构如图4-1所示。根据业务需求,公司服务器IP地址使用192.168.2.1/24,部门1使用192.168.4.1/24网段,部门2使用192.168.3.1/24网段(其中192.168.3.1~192.168.3.10地址保留不分配),部门1和部门2通过路由器的DHCP服务自动获取IP地址。

中级网络工程师,历年真题,2013年下半年(下午)《网络工程师》案例分析真题

【问题1】(10分)

根据网络拓扑和需求说明,完成(或解释)路由器R1的配置:

R1#config t

R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address(1)(2)

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan 3

R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0

R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0;(3)

R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.2.1;(4)

R1(dhcp-config)#lease 0 8 0;(5)

R1(dhcp-config)#exit

R1(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan 4

R1(dhcp-config)#network(6)(7)

R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.2.1

R1(dhcp-config)#lease 0 8 0

R1(dhcp-config)#exit

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address(8)(9)

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.254;排除掉不能分配的IP地址

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.4.254

R1(config)#(10)192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/1;在以太网接口和VLAN3间建立一条静态路由

………

【问题2】(5分)

根据网络拓扑和需求说明,完成(或解释)交换机S1的部分配置。

S1#config t

S1(config)#interface vlan2

S1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

S1(config-if)#no shutdown

S1(config)#interface vlan3

S1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

S1(config-if)#ip helper-address(11)

S1(config-if)#no shutdown

S1(config)#interface vlan4

……

S1(config)#interface f1/1

S1(config-if)#switchport mode(12)

S1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/2

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access

S1(config-if)#switchport access(13)

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/5

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access

S1(config-if)#switchport access(14)

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/9

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access

S1(config-if)#switchport access(15)

S1(config-if)#exit

…….

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

【问题1】(10分,每空1分)

(1)192.168.1.1

(2)255.255.255.0

(3)指定地址池vlan 3中网关地址

(4)指定地址池vlan 3中DNS服务器地址

(5)指定地址池vlan 3地址租约时间为8小时

(6)192.168.4.0

(7)255.255.255.0

(8)192.168.3.1

(9)192.168.3.10

(10)ip route

【问题2】(5分,每空1分)

(11)192.168.1.1

(12)trunk

(13)vlan 2

(14)vlan 4

(15)vlan 3

从拓扑分析,很容易让学员想到单臂路由。仔细观察路由器和交换机相连的接口都有配置IP地址,且题干说明R1要作为一台DHCP Server使用,我们基本可以排除此拓扑是一个单臂路由拓扑。DHCP Server除了用Windows/Linux平台搭建,也可以用路由器搭建。使用Cisco ISO路由器,会用到命令“ip dhcp pool pool-name”引导出一个地址池,在地址池可以指定地址范围、网关、DNS服务器、地址租期等网卡参数信息给DHCP Client。

【问题1】

Cisco ISO路由器开启DHCP功能的命令如下:

R1#config t

R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1//进入接口模式

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0//配置接口F0/1的IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shutdown//激活接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan 3//添加地址池vlan3

R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0//指定地址池范围

R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0//指定地址池vlan 3中网关地址

R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.2.1//指定地址池vlan 3中DNS服务器地址

R1(dhcp-config)#lease 0 8 0//指定地址池vlan 3地址租约时间为8小时(格式:lease days hours minites)

R1(dhcp-config)#exit

R1(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan 4

R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.2.1

R1(dhcp-config)#lease 0 8 0

R1(dhcp-config)#exit//地址池vlan4相关命令的解析与vlan3的解析类似,此处不赘述

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.10

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.254//排除掉不能分配的IP地址

R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.4.254

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/1//在以太网接口和VLAN3间建立一条静态路由

………

【问题2】

R1作为DHCP的角色,为vlan 3和vlan4指定了地址范围,同时也添加了相关的静态路由。作为三层交换机S1除了其保留的vlan1,还需要配置vlan3、vlan4和服务器vlan2。由于部门1(vlan 4)和部门2(vlan 3)内部的终端需要从不同网络(192.168.1.0/24)的DHCP服务器(R1)来获取IP地址租约信息,一旦涉及到不同网络DHCP服务器和客户端作地址分配时,必须要有DHCP中继代理服务器(DHCP-Relay),此角色负责DHCP客户端和服务器之间信息的传递。三层交换机可以承担DHCP中继代理服务器的能力,只需要在对应vlan接口下配置命令“ip helper-address dhcp-server”即可。

S1#config t

S1(config)#interface vlan2//接入vlan2接口

S1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0//配置vlan2接口IP地址(此处配置可以得知,192.168.2.0/24隶属于vlan2,以及服务器vlan是vlan2)

S1(config-if)#no shutdown

S1(config)#interface vlan3

S1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

S1(config-if)#ip helper-address 192.168.1.1//指定DHCP服务器IP地址

S1(config-if)#no shutdown

S1(config)#interface vlan4

……

S1(config)#interface f1/1

S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk//开启端口模式为trunk

S1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all//trunk链路允许所有vlan流量通过

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/2

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access//指定接口为接入(access)模式

S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2//指定接口隶属于vlan2

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/5

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access

S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4//指定接口隶属于vlan4

S1(config-if)#exit

S1(config)#interface f1/9

S1(config-if)#switchport mode access

S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3//指定接口隶属于vlan3

S1(config-if)#exit

…….

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