欲开发一个绘图软件,要求使用不同的绘图程序绘制不同的图形。以绘制直线和圆形为例,对应的绘图程序如表5-1所示。
表5-1不同的绘图程序

该绘图软件的扩展性要求,将不断扩充新的图形和新的绘图程序。为了避免出现类爆炸的情况,现采用桥接(Bridge)模式来实现上述要求,得到如图5-1所示的类图。

图5-1类图
【C++代码】
class?DP1{
public:
static void draw_a_line(double?x1,double?y1,double?x2,double?y2){/*代码省略*/}
static void draw_a_circle(double?x,double?y,double?r){/*代码省略*/}
};
class?DP2{
public:
static void drawline(double x1,double x2,double y1,double y2){/*代码省略*/}
static void drawcircle(double x,double y,double r){/*代码省略*/}
};
class?Drawing{
public:
(1);
(2);
};
class V1Drawing:public Drawing{
public:
void drawLine(double?x1,double?y1,double?x2,double?y2){/*代码省略*/}
void drawCircle(double?x,double?y,double?r){(3);}
};
class V2Drawing:public?Drawing{
public:
void drawLine(double?x1,double?y1,double?x2,double?y2){/*代码省略*/}
void drawCircle(double?x,double y,double?r){(4);}
};
class Shape{
public:
(5);
Shape(Drawing*dp){_dp=dp;}
void drawLine(double?x1,double?y1,double?x2,double y2){_dp->drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);}
void drawCircle(double?x,double?y,double r){_dp->drawCircle(x,y,r);}
private:Drawing*_dp;
};
class?Rectangle:public?Shape{
public:
void draw( ){/*代码省略*/}
//其余代码省略
};
class Circle:public Shape{
private:double_x,_y,_r;
public:
Circle(Drawing*dp,double x,double?y,double r):(6){_x=x;_y=y;_r=r;}
void draw( ){drawCircle(_x,_y,_r);}
};
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)virtual void drawLine(double x1,double y1,double x2,double y2)=0
(2)virtual void drawCircle(double x,double y,double r)=0
(3)DP1::draw_a_circle(x,y,r)
(4)DP2::drawcircle(x,y,r)
(5)virtual void?draw()=0
(6)Shape(dp)
根据类图,可知:Drawing类有两个函数drawLine()、drawCircle(),在从继承于它的两个子类V1Drawing、V2Drawing中drawLine()、drawCircle()得到返回值类型为void及函数参数。则(1)为virtual void drawLine(double x1,double y1,double x2,double y2)=0;(2)为virtual void drawCircle(double x,double y,double r)=0。
根据V1Drawing与DP1之间的关联关系,V2Drawing与DP2之间的关联关系,可知(3)是去调用DP1中的静态函数draw_a_circle(double x,double y,double r),则(3)为DP1::draw_a_circle(x,y,r);(4)问同理,答案为DP2::drawcircle(x,y,r)。
(5)问从类图中可知,Shape有三个方法draw()、drawLine()、drawCircle();分析题目中给出的Shape的定义,少了一个draw()函数,可知(5)为draw(),在根据继承于Shape的Circle和Rectangle分析,函数返回值为void,参数为空,则(5)为virtual void draw()=0。
(6)空考查继承结构中子类构造函数的定义。构造子类对象时,需要调用基类的构造函数,这可以通过初始化列表显式指明需要调用的基类的构造函数。在本题中,上文Shape类只定义了一个构造函数,所以这里填写的应该为“Shape(dp)”。






