关于风险的描述,正确的是 ( ) 。
- A.不能带来机会、无获利可能的风险叫投机风险
- B.根据经验可以预见其发生,但不可预见其后果的风险叫已知风险
- C.地震、百年不遇的暴雨等属于不可预测风险
- D.风险是零和游戏,有人受损就有人获利
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
按照风险后果划分,风险可以划分为纯粹风险和投机风险。(1)纯粹风险:不能带来机会、无获得利益可能的风险,叫纯粹风险。(2)投机风险:既可能带来机会、获得利益,又隐含威胁、造成损失的风险,叫投机风险。纯粹风险和投机风险在一定条件下可以相互转化。项目管理人员必须避免投机风险转化为纯粹风险。风险不是零和游戏。在许多情况下,涉及风险的各有关方面都要蒙受损失,无一幸免。按照风险的可预测性划分,风险可以分为:(1)已知风险就是在认真、严格地分析项目及其计划之后就能够明确的那些经常发生的,而且其后果亦可预见的风险。例如:项目目标不明确,过分乐观的进度计划,设计或施工变更,材料价格波动等。(2)可预测风险就是根据经验,可以预见其发生,但不可预见其后果的风险。例如:业主不能及时审查批准,分包商不能及时交工,施工机械出现故障,不可预见的地质条件等。(3)不可预测风险有时也称未知风险或未识别的风险。例如地震、百年不遇的暴雨、通货膨胀、政策变化等。
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