论分布式存储系统架构设计
分布式存储系统（Distributed Storage System）通常将数据分散存储在多台独立的设备上。传统的网络存储系统采用集中的存储服务器存放所有数据，存储服务器成为系统性能的瓶颈，也是可靠性和安全性的焦点，不能满足大规模存储应用的需要。分布式存储系统采用可扩展的系统结构，利用多台存储服务器分担存储负荷，利用位置服务器定位存储信息，它不但提高了系统的可靠性、可用性和存取效率，还易于扩展。
请围绕“分布式存储系统架构设计”论题，依次从以下三个方面进行论述。
1、概要叙述你参与分析和开发的分布式存储系统项目以及你所承担的主要工作。
2、简要说明在分布式存储系统架构设计中所使用的分布式存储技术及其实现机制，详细叙述你在具体项目中选用了哪种分布式存储技术，说明其原因和实施效果。
3、冗余是提高分布式存储系统可靠性的主要方法，通常在分布式存储系统设计中可采用哪些冗余技术来提升系统的可靠性？你在具体项目中选用了哪种冗余技术？说明其原因和实施效果。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
一、简要描述所参与分析和开发的分布式存储系统项目，并明确指出在其中承担的主要任务和开展的主要工作。
二、说明在分布式存储系统架构设计中所使用的四种主要分布式存储技术，并根据考生所参与的实际项目，详细叙述所选用的一种分布式存储技术，并说明选择该技术的原因和实施效果。
在分布式存储系统架构设计中所使用的分布式存储技术主要包括四类：
1、集群存储技术。集群存储系统是指架构在一个可扩充服务器集群中的文件系统，用户不需要考虑文件是存储在集群中什么位置，仅仅需要使用统一的界面就可以访问文件资源。当负载增加时，只需在服务器集群中增加新的服务器就可以提高文件系统的性能。集群存储系统能够保留传统的文件存储系统的语义，增加了集群存储系统必须的机制，可以向用户提供高可靠性、高性能、可扩充的文件存储服务。
2、分布式文件系统。分布式文件系统是指文件系统管理的物理存储资源不一定直接连接在本地节点上，而是通过计算机网络与节点相连。分布式文件系统的设计基于客户机/服务器模式。一个典型的网络可能包括多个供多用户访问的服务器。另外，对等特性允许一些系统扮演客户机和服务器的双重角色。分布式文件系统以透明方式链接文件服务器和共享文件夹，然后将其映射到单个层次结构，以便可以从一个位置对其进行访问，而实际上数据却分布在不同的位置。用户不必再转至网络上的多个位置以查找所需的信息。
3、网络存储技术。网络存储系统就是将“存储”和“网络”结合起来，通过网络连接各存储设备，实现存储设备之间、存储设备和服务器之间的数据在网络上的高性能传输。为了充分利用资源，减少投资，存储作为构成计算机系统的主要架构之一，就不再仅仅担负附加设备的角色，逐步成为独立的系统。利用网络将此独立的系统和传统的用户设备连接，使其以高速、稳定的数据存储单元存在。用户可以方便地使用浏览器等客户端进行访问和管理。
4、P2P网络存储技术。P2P网络存储技术的应用使得内容不是存在几个主要的服务器上，而是存在所有用户的个人电脑上。这就为网络存储提供了可能性，可以将网络中的剩余存储空间利用起来，实现网络存储。人们对存储容量的需求是无止境的，提高存储能力的方法有更换能力更强的存储器，另外就是把多个存储器用某种方式连接在一起，实现网络并行存储。相对于现有的网络存储系统而言，应用P2P技术将会有更大的优势。P2P技术的主体就是网络中Peer，也就是各个客户机，数量是很大的，这些客户机的空闲存储空间是很多的，把这些空间利用起来实现网络存储。
三、冗余是提高分布式存储系统可靠性的主要方法，冗余的存储结构可以保证部分服务器失效时，数据服务仍可正常访问。常用的冗余技术包括：数据备份，数据分割，门限方案，纠错编码和纠删编码等。考生根据所参与的实际项目指出采用了何种冗余技术，并说明其原因和实施效果。
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