论微服务架构及其应用
近年来，随着互联网行业的迅猛发展，公司或组织业务的不断扩张，需求的快速变化以及用户量的不断增加，传统的单块（Monolithic）软件架构面临着越来越多的挑战，已逐渐无法适应互联网时代对软件的要求。在这一背景下，微服务架构模式（Microservice Architecture Pattern）逐渐流行，它强调将单一业务功能开发成微服务的形式，每个微服务运行在一个进程中；采用HTTP等通用协议和轻量级API实现微服务之间的协作与通信。这些微服务可以使用不同的开发语言以及不同数据存储技术，能够通过自动化部署工具独立发布，并保持最低限制的集中式管理。
请围绕“论微服务架构及其应用”论题，依次从以下三个方面进行论述。
1．概要叙述你参与管理和开发的、采用微服务架构的软件开发项目及在其中所担任的主要工作。
2．与单块架构相比较，微服务架构有哪些特点？请列举至少4个特点并进行说明。
3．结合你参与管理和开发的软件开发项目，描述该软件的架构，说明该架构是如何采用微服务架构模式的，并说明在采用微服务架构后，在软件开发过程中遇到的实际问题和解决方案。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
一、首先用400-600字的篇幅简要叙述作者参与开发的软件系统的概要和所担任的工作。
二、微服务的特点包括：
微服务的基本思想在于考虑围绕着业务领域组件来创建应用，这些就应用可独立地进行开发、管理和加速。在分散的组件中使用微服务云架构和平台使部署、管理和服务功能交付变得更加简单。
微服务是利用组织的服务投资组合，然后基于业务领域功能分解它们，在看到服务投资组合之前，它还是一个业务领域。
微服务这一概念出现于2012年，是因软件作者Martin Fowler而流行，他承认这并没有精确地定义出这一架构形式，虽然围绕业务能力、自动化部署、终端智能以及语言和数据的分散控制有一些常见的特性。
开源工作流平台“Imixs-Workflow”发布了一款新的微服务架构，作为工作流来管理解决方案。Imixs的微服务（ Imixs-Microservice）提供了一个工作流封装成微服务架构。这一服务可以独立于其背后的技术，绑定到任何业务应用中去。这允许业务应用改变业务逻辑的时，不用更改任何代码。这业务目标可以通过工作流模型控制。
Imixs的微服务是基于Imixs的工作流引擎（ Imixs-Workflow Engine）的复杂功能构建的，它可以以多种不同的方法来控制业务数据。Imixs的微服务可以发送电子邮件推送消息、日志业务交换，还可以确保所有类型业务数据的安全。
Imixs的工作流模型可以给业务处理模型（Imixs-Workflow Modeller）中的每种状态单独的设计一个ACL。这许可了高度复杂的业务应用程序，并在每个流程实例周围驻起了安全层。
三、详细论述在项目中如何应用微服务架构进行开发的。
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