某项目经理将其负责的系统集成项目进行了工作分解,并对每个工作单元进行了成本估算,得到其计划成本。第四个月底时,各任务的计划成本、实际成本及完成百分比如下表:
【问题1】(10分)
请分别计算该项目在第四个月底的PV、EV、AC值,并写出计算过程。请从进度和成本两方面评价此项目的执行绩效如何,并说明依据。
【问题2】(5分)
有人认为:项目某一阶段实际花费的成本(AC)如果小于计划支出成本(PV),说明此时项目成本是节约的,你认为这种说法对吗?请结合本题说明为什么。
【问题3】(10分)
(1)如果从第五月开始,项目不再出现成本偏差,则此项目的预计完工成本(EAC)是多少?
(2)如果项目仍按目前状况继续发展,则此项目的预计完工成本(EAC)是多少?
(3)针对项目目前的状况,项目经理可以采取什么措施?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
【问题1】 解答要点
PV = 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 5 + 2 =41万元(2分)
EV = 10 * 80% + 7 + 8 * 90% + 9 * 90% + 5 + 2 * 90% = 8 + 7 + 7.2 + 8.1 + 5 + 1.8 = 37.1万元(2分)
AC =9 + 6.5 + 7.5 + 8.5 + 5 + 2 = 38.5万元(2分)
进度落后,成本超支 (2分)
依据:(2分)
SV = EV – PV = 37.1 – 41 = -3.9万元 < 0
CV = EV – AC = 37.1 – 38.5 = -1.4万元 < 0
或
SPI = EV/PV = 37.1 / 41 = 0.904 < 1
CPI= EV/AV = 37.1 / 38.5 = 0.963 < 1
【问题2】 解答要点
不对(2分),例如本题中第四个月底的计划成本PV为41万元,实际成本AC为38.5万元,虽然AC<PV,但不是由于项目实施中节省造成的,而是由于进度落后计划造成的。(3分)
【问题3】 解答要点
(1)ETC = BAC – EV = 41– 37.1 = 3.9(2分)
EAC = AC + ETC = 3.9 + 38.5 = 42.4(2分)
或者:EAC = BAC – CV =41–(– 1.4)= 42.4(4分)
(2)EAC = AC +(BAC–EV)/CPI =38.5 +(41–37.1)/ 0.963=42.55(4分)
(3)(满分2分,每条1分)
加快进度(赶工或加班);控制成本;必要时调整进度基准和成本基准。
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