It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people’s lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the “globalized” financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched. Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets—it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own.
So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible; for the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call center in India, or for a sportswear (运动服) manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in south east Asia and sell them in north America.
But this is where the anti-globalization side gets stuck in (关注). If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas. Then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place.
Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalized corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty—the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist.
Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalization’s exact meaning wi
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
正是反全球化运动真正推动了全球化。“全球化”这个词自上个世纪60年代以来就已存在，但抗议它的人则是新出现的，其反对者谴责全球化是在命令人们怎样生活，把全球化带离了金融和学术界，带进了每日时事。
80年代末90年代初，被称为“全球化”金融市场的商业模式被看作一个可能不仅仅对某个地区的经济产生影响的实体。全球化被简单的看成做生意或运行金融市场的方式——它是一个过程。从此，这个词拥有了自己的生命。
全球化市场如何运作？现代通信技术使之成为可能。英国的服务业可以通过印度的电话呼叫中心为客户服务，让服装制造商在欧洲设计产品，在东南亚制作，在北美出售。
但这就是反全球化者所关注的地方。如果这些做法取代国内的经济生活，让经济在很大程度上受海外的影响或控制，那么全球化经济模式的建立和全球化过程也可以被看作是将权力让给了企业，或者是一种让贫穷国家保持贫穷的手段。
不是每个人都认为全球化一定是不好的，认为全球化企业在控制个人的生活或是比国家更强大。有人说，将全球化，自由市场和自由贸易传播到发展中国家是战胜贫困的最佳方式——唯一的问题是自由市场和自由贸易并不真的存在。
全球化可以被看作是一个积极的，消极的甚至是边缘化的过程。不论全球化是好还是坏，它的确切含义仍将是它的支持者、反对者以及简单服从者所争论的话题。
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